Effects of disinfection by-products in swimming pool environments on the immunological mechanisms of respiratory diseases
Swimming in pools is a popular and healthy recreational activity. However, potential adverse health effects from disinfection byproduct (DBP) exposure in pool water are concerning. This study evaluated how such DBP exposure affects the respiratory system. DBP exposure was simulated with an animal-sp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Water and Health |
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| Online Access: | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/21/10/1600 |
| _version_ | 1827765109954445312 |
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| author | Bo-Ae Lee |
| author_facet | Bo-Ae Lee |
| author_sort | Bo-Ae Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Swimming in pools is a popular and healthy recreational activity. However, potential adverse health effects from disinfection byproduct (DBP) exposure in pool water are concerning. This study evaluated how such DBP exposure affects the respiratory system. DBP exposure was simulated with an animal-specific pool environment model. Experimental animals were exposed to DBPs for a specified duration and frequency over 4 weeks. The wet and dry weights of murine lungs were measured, with no significant differences observed. There were no significant differences in interkeukin (IL)-2/4/10, and interferon-γ levels. However, IL-6 expression decreased in the experimental group. To investigate the effects of DBP exposure on immune cell response, various samples, such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus, were collected for T-cell isolation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Asthma-related blood cell distribution was analyzed using a complete blood count test; no significant differences were found. Thus, DBP exposure through this model did not induce substantial lung tissue damage, major alterations in cytokine expression (besides IL-6), significant immune cell responses, or changes in asthma-associated blood cell distribution. However, considering earlier results, future studies should focus on specific types, intensity, and duration of exercise that could affect DBP exposure-related immune-inflammatory responses.
HIGHLIGHTS
DBPs have not decoupled the effects of DBP exposure and swimming activities.;
A murine DBP exposure model was developed to test the effect of periodic exposure over a 4-week period.;
DBP exposure did not cause lung damage in this model.;
Inflammatory cytokine levels were unchanged due to DBP exposure, save for IL-6.;
There were no significant changes in asthma-related blood cell-type distribution.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:14:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a7fba720cce498c83185e8d8a3539ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1477-8920 1996-7829 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:14:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Water and Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a7fba720cce498c83185e8d8a3539ae2023-11-11T06:59:48ZengIWA PublishingJournal of Water and Health1477-89201996-78292023-10-0121101600161010.2166/wh.2023.335335Effects of disinfection by-products in swimming pool environments on the immunological mechanisms of respiratory diseasesBo-Ae Lee0 Department of Sport Science, College of Liberal Arts, Dongguk University, 38066, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongju, South Korea Swimming in pools is a popular and healthy recreational activity. However, potential adverse health effects from disinfection byproduct (DBP) exposure in pool water are concerning. This study evaluated how such DBP exposure affects the respiratory system. DBP exposure was simulated with an animal-specific pool environment model. Experimental animals were exposed to DBPs for a specified duration and frequency over 4 weeks. The wet and dry weights of murine lungs were measured, with no significant differences observed. There were no significant differences in interkeukin (IL)-2/4/10, and interferon-γ levels. However, IL-6 expression decreased in the experimental group. To investigate the effects of DBP exposure on immune cell response, various samples, such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus, were collected for T-cell isolation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Asthma-related blood cell distribution was analyzed using a complete blood count test; no significant differences were found. Thus, DBP exposure through this model did not induce substantial lung tissue damage, major alterations in cytokine expression (besides IL-6), significant immune cell responses, or changes in asthma-associated blood cell distribution. However, considering earlier results, future studies should focus on specific types, intensity, and duration of exercise that could affect DBP exposure-related immune-inflammatory responses. HIGHLIGHTS DBPs have not decoupled the effects of DBP exposure and swimming activities.; A murine DBP exposure model was developed to test the effect of periodic exposure over a 4-week period.; DBP exposure did not cause lung damage in this model.; Inflammatory cytokine levels were unchanged due to DBP exposure, save for IL-6.; There were no significant changes in asthma-related blood cell-type distribution.;http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/21/10/1600asthmadbpsimmune responseindoor swimmingrespiratory diseasesswimming pool environment |
| spellingShingle | Bo-Ae Lee Effects of disinfection by-products in swimming pool environments on the immunological mechanisms of respiratory diseases Journal of Water and Health asthma dbps immune response indoor swimming respiratory diseases swimming pool environment |
| title | Effects of disinfection by-products in swimming pool environments on the immunological mechanisms of respiratory diseases |
| title_full | Effects of disinfection by-products in swimming pool environments on the immunological mechanisms of respiratory diseases |
| title_fullStr | Effects of disinfection by-products in swimming pool environments on the immunological mechanisms of respiratory diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of disinfection by-products in swimming pool environments on the immunological mechanisms of respiratory diseases |
| title_short | Effects of disinfection by-products in swimming pool environments on the immunological mechanisms of respiratory diseases |
| title_sort | effects of disinfection by products in swimming pool environments on the immunological mechanisms of respiratory diseases |
| topic | asthma dbps immune response indoor swimming respiratory diseases swimming pool environment |
| url | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/21/10/1600 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT boaelee effectsofdisinfectionbyproductsinswimmingpoolenvironmentsontheimmunologicalmechanismsofrespiratorydiseases |