Investigation of Two Prediction Models of Maximum Usable Frequency for HF Communication Based on Oblique- and Vertical-Incidence Sounding Data
As one of the key technologies of HF communication, the maximum usable frequency (MUF) prediction method has been widely discussed. To experimentally confirm the reliability of commonly used MUFs prediction models for high-frequency communication, we have compared maximum observed frequencies (MOFs)...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1122 |
| _version_ | 1797440878014365696 |
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| author | Jian Wang Yafei Shi Cheng Yang |
| author_facet | Jian Wang Yafei Shi Cheng Yang |
| author_sort | Jian Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As one of the key technologies of HF communication, the maximum usable frequency (MUF) prediction method has been widely discussed. To experimentally confirm the reliability of commonly used MUFs prediction models for high-frequency communication, we have compared maximum observed frequencies (MOFs) and predicted MUFs to assess the accuracy of two typical prediction models. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) and relative RMSE (RRMSE) between oblique sounding MOFs and the predicted MUFs were used to assess the model’s accuracy. The oblique sounding path was from Changchun to Jinyang, and the vertical-sounding ionosonde was located in Beijing, which was approximately the midpoint of the oblique sounding circuit. The statistical analysis results show that: (a) the trend of prediction results from the Lockwood and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) model are in good agreement with the observations: the mean RMSE and RRMSE of the INGV model are less than those of the Lockwood model; (b) in the four different periods (sunrise, daytime, sunset, and nighttime) of the whole day, the maximum difference of RMSE between the Lockwood and INGV model is 0.14 MHz (the INGV performs better than the LWM), with the corresponding differences of RRMSE being 0.31% at sunrise and 0.68% at daytime; (c) in the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter, the minimum RMSE values of the Lockwood and INGV models are 1.51 MHz and 1.37 MHz, respectively, which are obtained in winter, and the corresponding RRMSEs are 11.47% and 11.79%, respectively; (d) in the high and low solar activity epochs, the mean RMSEs of the Lockwood and INGV models are 1.63 MHz, and 1.54 MHz, with corresponding mean RRMSE values of 11.47% and 11.55%. In conclusion, the INGV model is more suitable for MUF prediction over Beijing and its adjacent mid-latitude regions from the RMSE comparison of the two models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:15:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a88f02d3411441b98f4a88de8939309 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:15:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a88f02d3411441b98f4a88de89393092023-11-30T22:47:18ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-07-01137112210.3390/atmos13071122Investigation of Two Prediction Models of Maximum Usable Frequency for HF Communication Based on Oblique- and Vertical-Incidence Sounding DataJian Wang0Yafei Shi1Cheng Yang2School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaAs one of the key technologies of HF communication, the maximum usable frequency (MUF) prediction method has been widely discussed. To experimentally confirm the reliability of commonly used MUFs prediction models for high-frequency communication, we have compared maximum observed frequencies (MOFs) and predicted MUFs to assess the accuracy of two typical prediction models. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) and relative RMSE (RRMSE) between oblique sounding MOFs and the predicted MUFs were used to assess the model’s accuracy. The oblique sounding path was from Changchun to Jinyang, and the vertical-sounding ionosonde was located in Beijing, which was approximately the midpoint of the oblique sounding circuit. The statistical analysis results show that: (a) the trend of prediction results from the Lockwood and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) model are in good agreement with the observations: the mean RMSE and RRMSE of the INGV model are less than those of the Lockwood model; (b) in the four different periods (sunrise, daytime, sunset, and nighttime) of the whole day, the maximum difference of RMSE between the Lockwood and INGV model is 0.14 MHz (the INGV performs better than the LWM), with the corresponding differences of RRMSE being 0.31% at sunrise and 0.68% at daytime; (c) in the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter, the minimum RMSE values of the Lockwood and INGV models are 1.51 MHz and 1.37 MHz, respectively, which are obtained in winter, and the corresponding RRMSEs are 11.47% and 11.79%, respectively; (d) in the high and low solar activity epochs, the mean RMSEs of the Lockwood and INGV models are 1.63 MHz, and 1.54 MHz, with corresponding mean RRMSE values of 11.47% and 11.55%. In conclusion, the INGV model is more suitable for MUF prediction over Beijing and its adjacent mid-latitude regions from the RMSE comparison of the two models.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1122high frequencymaximum usable frequencyionosphereoblique soundingvertical sounding |
| spellingShingle | Jian Wang Yafei Shi Cheng Yang Investigation of Two Prediction Models of Maximum Usable Frequency for HF Communication Based on Oblique- and Vertical-Incidence Sounding Data Atmosphere high frequency maximum usable frequency ionosphere oblique sounding vertical sounding |
| title | Investigation of Two Prediction Models of Maximum Usable Frequency for HF Communication Based on Oblique- and Vertical-Incidence Sounding Data |
| title_full | Investigation of Two Prediction Models of Maximum Usable Frequency for HF Communication Based on Oblique- and Vertical-Incidence Sounding Data |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of Two Prediction Models of Maximum Usable Frequency for HF Communication Based on Oblique- and Vertical-Incidence Sounding Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of Two Prediction Models of Maximum Usable Frequency for HF Communication Based on Oblique- and Vertical-Incidence Sounding Data |
| title_short | Investigation of Two Prediction Models of Maximum Usable Frequency for HF Communication Based on Oblique- and Vertical-Incidence Sounding Data |
| title_sort | investigation of two prediction models of maximum usable frequency for hf communication based on oblique and vertical incidence sounding data |
| topic | high frequency maximum usable frequency ionosphere oblique sounding vertical sounding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1122 |
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