Focus on Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand?
Urothelial bladder cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide with barely 5% five-year survival in patients with metastatic disease. Intravesical immunotherapy with <i>Bacillus Calmette-Guérin</i> and platinum-based chemotherapy are currently the standard of care for non-muscle i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/7935 |
| _version_ | 1797549813136359424 |
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| author | Giandomenico Roviello Martina Catalano Stefania Nobili Raffaella Santi Enrico Mini Gabriella Nesi |
| author_facet | Giandomenico Roviello Martina Catalano Stefania Nobili Raffaella Santi Enrico Mini Gabriella Nesi |
| author_sort | Giandomenico Roviello |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Urothelial bladder cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide with barely 5% five-year survival in patients with metastatic disease. Intravesical immunotherapy with <i>Bacillus Calmette-Guérin</i> and platinum-based chemotherapy are currently the standard of care for non-muscle invasive and advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), respectively. Recently, a subset of patients with locally advanced or mUC has shown to be responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), e.g., the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed cell death -1/programmed death-ligand1 (PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies. Due to the relevant clinical benefit of immunotherapy for mUC, in 2016, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved five immunotherapeutic agents as second-line or first-line treatments for patients with advanced bladder cancer who did not profit from or were ineligible for standard therapy. In this review, we discuss the role of immunotherapy in bladder cancer and recent clinical applications of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in mUC. Furthermore, we evaluate a variable response rate to ICIs treatment and outline potential biomarkers predictive of immunotherapy response. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:19:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a8ad1f7a7684724976db1037b64b14c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:19:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a8ad1f7a7684724976db1037b64b14c2023-11-20T18:33:08ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-10-012121793510.3390/ijms21217935Focus on Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand?Giandomenico Roviello0Martina Catalano1Stefania Nobili2Raffaella Santi3Enrico Mini4Gabriella Nesi5Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, ItalySchool of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Pathology, Careggi University Hospital, University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Florence, 50139 Florence, ItalyUrothelial bladder cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide with barely 5% five-year survival in patients with metastatic disease. Intravesical immunotherapy with <i>Bacillus Calmette-Guérin</i> and platinum-based chemotherapy are currently the standard of care for non-muscle invasive and advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), respectively. Recently, a subset of patients with locally advanced or mUC has shown to be responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), e.g., the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed cell death -1/programmed death-ligand1 (PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies. Due to the relevant clinical benefit of immunotherapy for mUC, in 2016, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved five immunotherapeutic agents as second-line or first-line treatments for patients with advanced bladder cancer who did not profit from or were ineligible for standard therapy. In this review, we discuss the role of immunotherapy in bladder cancer and recent clinical applications of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in mUC. Furthermore, we evaluate a variable response rate to ICIs treatment and outline potential biomarkers predictive of immunotherapy response.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/7935PD-1PD-L1bladder cancerbiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Giandomenico Roviello Martina Catalano Stefania Nobili Raffaella Santi Enrico Mini Gabriella Nesi Focus on Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand? International Journal of Molecular Sciences PD-1 PD-L1 bladder cancer biomarkers |
| title | Focus on Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand? |
| title_full | Focus on Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand? |
| title_fullStr | Focus on Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Focus on Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand? |
| title_short | Focus on Biochemical and Clinical Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand? |
| title_sort | focus on biochemical and clinical predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic urothelial carcinoma where do we stand |
| topic | PD-1 PD-L1 bladder cancer biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/7935 |
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