The role of INFL in code-switching: a study of a Papiamento heritage community in the Netherlands
IntroductionIn heritage bilingualism studies, code-switching has often been overlooked, with a focus on either the heritage language or the dominant societal language of the bilingual individual. However, exploring code-switching can provide valuable insights into heritage speakers' grammar, re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Language Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/flang.2023.1288198/full |
| _version_ | 1797323676364832768 |
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| author | M. Carmen Parafita Couto M. Carmen Parafita Couto Charlotte Pouw Rodi Laanen Luis López |
| author_facet | M. Carmen Parafita Couto M. Carmen Parafita Couto Charlotte Pouw Rodi Laanen Luis López |
| author_sort | M. Carmen Parafita Couto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionIn heritage bilingualism studies, code-switching has often been overlooked, with a focus on either the heritage language or the dominant societal language of the bilingual individual. However, exploring code-switching can provide valuable insights into heritage speakers' grammar, revealing patterns that may not be apparent when only examining monolingual speech. Recent research suggests that in code-switched clauses, functional elements must align with the language of verbal inflection (INFL), which encompasses tense, aspect, voice, and agreement. This generalization is usually referred to as the Matrix Language Frame (MLF). The present study explores the empirical validity of this generalization using an experimental protocol that controls for variables that earlier work did not take into consideration. These variables are (a) adjacency between INFL and the functional element, (b) the interaction of the MLF with embedded islands, and (c) the possibly degrading effects of inserting a functional category. Thus, the aim of this study is to provide evidence in support (or not) of the INFL constraint beyond the experimental limitations in earlier work. The study focuses on the bilingual combination Papiamento–Dutch. Our results, by and large, support the MLF generalization.MethodsWe carried out an online audio survey (3-point Likert scale) with 43 Papiamento–Dutch bilinguals. We manipulated the position of the switch and controlled for potential directionality effects by presenting code-switches in both switching directions.ResultsWe find a scale of acceptability, where the conditions that respect the INFL constraint are preferred. Additionally, and consistent with recent corpus and experimental literature, our results point to a clear asymmetry regarding directionality effects or choice of ML, reflecting how code-switching is deployed in the community.DiscussionControlling for directionality allows us to discern the mechanisms of the INFL constraint. Thus, these findings underscore the intertwining influence of linguistic factors and community norms in guiding code-switching dynamics. Such insights extend beyond the specific context to shed light on broader dynamics within (heritage-language) bilingualism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:31:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5aaa0c1dc18f4a48af50c11573fe26b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2813-4605 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:31:58Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Language Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5aaa0c1dc18f4a48af50c11573fe26b62024-02-06T04:33:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Language Sciences2813-46052024-02-01210.3389/flang.2023.12881981288198The role of INFL in code-switching: a study of a Papiamento heritage community in the NetherlandsM. Carmen Parafita Couto0M. Carmen Parafita Couto1Charlotte Pouw2Rodi Laanen3Luis López4Leiden University Center for Linguistics and Heritage Linguistics Lab, Leiden University, Leiden, NetherlandsLanguage Variation and Textual Categorization, Faculty of Philology and Translation, University of Vigo, Vigo, SpainInstitute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsLeiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, NetherlandsSchool of Literatures, Cultural Studies and Linguistics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United StatesIntroductionIn heritage bilingualism studies, code-switching has often been overlooked, with a focus on either the heritage language or the dominant societal language of the bilingual individual. However, exploring code-switching can provide valuable insights into heritage speakers' grammar, revealing patterns that may not be apparent when only examining monolingual speech. Recent research suggests that in code-switched clauses, functional elements must align with the language of verbal inflection (INFL), which encompasses tense, aspect, voice, and agreement. This generalization is usually referred to as the Matrix Language Frame (MLF). The present study explores the empirical validity of this generalization using an experimental protocol that controls for variables that earlier work did not take into consideration. These variables are (a) adjacency between INFL and the functional element, (b) the interaction of the MLF with embedded islands, and (c) the possibly degrading effects of inserting a functional category. Thus, the aim of this study is to provide evidence in support (or not) of the INFL constraint beyond the experimental limitations in earlier work. The study focuses on the bilingual combination Papiamento–Dutch. Our results, by and large, support the MLF generalization.MethodsWe carried out an online audio survey (3-point Likert scale) with 43 Papiamento–Dutch bilinguals. We manipulated the position of the switch and controlled for potential directionality effects by presenting code-switches in both switching directions.ResultsWe find a scale of acceptability, where the conditions that respect the INFL constraint are preferred. Additionally, and consistent with recent corpus and experimental literature, our results point to a clear asymmetry regarding directionality effects or choice of ML, reflecting how code-switching is deployed in the community.DiscussionControlling for directionality allows us to discern the mechanisms of the INFL constraint. Thus, these findings underscore the intertwining influence of linguistic factors and community norms in guiding code-switching dynamics. Such insights extend beyond the specific context to shed light on broader dynamics within (heritage-language) bilingualism.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/flang.2023.1288198/fullcode-switchingnominal constructionsinflectionheritage bilingualismPapiamento/PapiamentuDutch |
| spellingShingle | M. Carmen Parafita Couto M. Carmen Parafita Couto Charlotte Pouw Rodi Laanen Luis López The role of INFL in code-switching: a study of a Papiamento heritage community in the Netherlands Frontiers in Language Sciences code-switching nominal constructions inflection heritage bilingualism Papiamento/Papiamentu Dutch |
| title | The role of INFL in code-switching: a study of a Papiamento heritage community in the Netherlands |
| title_full | The role of INFL in code-switching: a study of a Papiamento heritage community in the Netherlands |
| title_fullStr | The role of INFL in code-switching: a study of a Papiamento heritage community in the Netherlands |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of INFL in code-switching: a study of a Papiamento heritage community in the Netherlands |
| title_short | The role of INFL in code-switching: a study of a Papiamento heritage community in the Netherlands |
| title_sort | role of infl in code switching a study of a papiamento heritage community in the netherlands |
| topic | code-switching nominal constructions inflection heritage bilingualism Papiamento/Papiamentu Dutch |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/flang.2023.1288198/full |
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