CEERS Key Paper. IV. A Triality in the Nature of HST-dark Galaxies
The new capabilities that JWST offers in the near- and mid-infrared (IR) are used to investigate in unprecedented detail the nature of optical/near-IR-faint, mid-IR-bright sources, with HST-dark galaxies among them. We gather JWST data from the CEERS survey in the Extended Groth Strip, jointly with...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb3a5 |
| _version_ | 1797654557332865024 |
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| author | Pablo G. Pérez-González Guillermo Barro Marianna Annunziatella Luca Costantin Ángela García-Argumánez Elizabeth J. McGrath Rosa M. Mérida Jorge A. Zavala Pablo Arrabal Haro Micaela B. Bagley Bren E. Backhaus Peter Behroozi Eric F. Bell Laura Bisigello Véronique Buat Antonello Calabrò Caitlin M. Casey Nikko J. Cleri Rosemary T. Coogan M. C. Cooper Asantha R. Cooray Avishai Dekel Mark Dickinson David Elbaz Henry C. Ferguson Steven L. Finkelstein Adriano Fontana Maximilien Franco Jonathan P. Gardner Mauro Giavalisco Carlos Gómez-Guijarro Andrea Grazian Norman A. Grogin Yuchen Guo Marc Huertas-Company Shardha Jogee Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe Lisa J. Kewley Allison Kirkpatrick Dale D. Kocevski Anton M. Koekemoer Arianna S. Long Jennifer M. Lotz Ray A. Lucas Casey Papovich Nor Pirzkal Swara Ravindranath Rachel S. Somerville Sandro Tacchella Jonathan R. Trump Weichen Wang Stephen M. Wilkins Stijn Wuyts Guang Yang L. Y. Aaron Yung |
| author_facet | Pablo G. Pérez-González Guillermo Barro Marianna Annunziatella Luca Costantin Ángela García-Argumánez Elizabeth J. McGrath Rosa M. Mérida Jorge A. Zavala Pablo Arrabal Haro Micaela B. Bagley Bren E. Backhaus Peter Behroozi Eric F. Bell Laura Bisigello Véronique Buat Antonello Calabrò Caitlin M. Casey Nikko J. Cleri Rosemary T. Coogan M. C. Cooper Asantha R. Cooray Avishai Dekel Mark Dickinson David Elbaz Henry C. Ferguson Steven L. Finkelstein Adriano Fontana Maximilien Franco Jonathan P. Gardner Mauro Giavalisco Carlos Gómez-Guijarro Andrea Grazian Norman A. Grogin Yuchen Guo Marc Huertas-Company Shardha Jogee Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe Lisa J. Kewley Allison Kirkpatrick Dale D. Kocevski Anton M. Koekemoer Arianna S. Long Jennifer M. Lotz Ray A. Lucas Casey Papovich Nor Pirzkal Swara Ravindranath Rachel S. Somerville Sandro Tacchella Jonathan R. Trump Weichen Wang Stephen M. Wilkins Stijn Wuyts Guang Yang L. Y. Aaron Yung |
| author_sort | Pablo G. Pérez-González |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The new capabilities that JWST offers in the near- and mid-infrared (IR) are used to investigate in unprecedented detail the nature of optical/near-IR-faint, mid-IR-bright sources, with HST-dark galaxies among them. We gather JWST data from the CEERS survey in the Extended Groth Strip, jointly with HST data, and analyze spatially resolved optical-to-mid-IR spectral energy distributions to estimate photometric redshifts in two dimensions and stellar population properties on a pixel-by-pixel basis for red galaxies detected by NIRCam. We select 138 galaxies with F150W − F356W > 1.5 mag and F356W < 27.5 mag. The nature of these sources is threefold: (1) 71% are dusty star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at 2 < z < 6 with $9\lt \mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\lt 11$ and a variety of specific SFRs (<1 to >100 Gyr ^−1 ); (2) 18% are quiescent/dormant (i.e., subject to reignition/rejuvenation) galaxies (QGs) at 3 < z < 5, with $\mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\sim 10$ and poststarburst mass-weighted ages (0.5–1.0 Gyr); and (3) 11% are strong young starbursts with indications of high equivalent width emission lines (typically, [O iii ]+H β ) at 6 < z < 7 (XELG- z 6) and $\mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\sim 9.5$ . The sample is dominated by disk-like galaxies with remarkable compactness for XELG- z 6 (effective radii smaller than 0.4 kpc). Large attenuations in SFGs, 2 < A ( V ) < 5 mag, are found within 1.5 times the effective radius, approximately 2 kpc, while QGs present A ( V ) ∼ 0.2 mag. Our SED-fitting technique reproduces the expected dust emission luminosities of IR-bright and submillimeter galaxies. This study implies high levels of star formation activity between z ∼ 20 and z ∼ 10, where virtually 100% of our galaxies had already formed 10 ^8 M _⊙ , 60% had assembled 10 ^9 M _⊙ , and 10% up to 10 ^10 M _⊙ (in situ or ex situ). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:01:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ac38a1e968e41ca8197b30961cdc5d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:01:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ac38a1e968e41ca8197b30961cdc5d82023-10-20T08:17:38ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052023-01-019461L1610.3847/2041-8213/acb3a5CEERS Key Paper. IV. A Triality in the Nature of HST-dark GalaxiesPablo G. Pérez-González0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4528-5639Guillermo Barro1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6813-875XMarianna Annunziatella2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8053-8040Luca Costantin3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6820-0015Ángela García-Argumánez4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8365-5525Elizabeth J. McGrath5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8688-2443Rosa M. Mérida6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-5845Jorge A. Zavala7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-1100Pablo Arrabal Haro8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7959-8783Micaela B. Bagley9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9921-9218Bren E. Backhaus10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8534-7502Peter Behroozi11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-6446Eric F. Bell12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5564-9873Laura Bisigello13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-4924Véronique Buat14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3441-903XAntonello Calabrò15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-1614Caitlin M. Casey16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-6466Nikko J. Cleri17https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7151-009XRosemary T. Coogan18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-0479M. C. Cooper19https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-6019Asantha R. Cooray20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-0190Avishai Dekel21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-0374Mark Dickinson22https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5414-5131David Elbaz23https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-647XHenry C. Ferguson24https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-2738Steven L. Finkelstein25https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8519-1130Adriano Fontana26https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-2823Maximilien Franco27https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-8599Jonathan P. Gardner28https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2098-9568Mauro Giavalisco29https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-8751Carlos Gómez-Guijarro30https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-9165Andrea Grazian31https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5688-0663Norman A. Grogin32https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9440-8872Yuchen Guo33https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-6523Marc Huertas-Company34https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-8483Shardha Jogee35https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1590-0568Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe36https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-3605Lisa J. Kewley37https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8152-3943Allison Kirkpatrick38https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1306-1545Dale D. Kocevski39https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-3880Anton M. Koekemoer40https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-2048Arianna S. Long41https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-8857Jennifer M. Lotz42https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3130-5643Ray A. Lucas43https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1581-7825Casey Papovich44https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7503-8482Nor Pirzkal45https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-5941Swara Ravindranath46https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-6527Rachel S. Somerville47https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-6821Sandro Tacchella48https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8224-4505Jonathan R. Trump49https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-0470Weichen Wang50https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-8274Stephen M. Wilkins51https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-6935Stijn Wuyts52https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-1931Guang Yang53https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8835-7722L. Y. Aaron Yung54https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-035XCentro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain ; pgperez@cab.inta-csic.esDepartment of Physics, University of the Pacific , Stockton, CA 90340 USACentro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain ; pgperez@cab.inta-csic.esCentro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain ; pgperez@cab.inta-csic.esDepartamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Facultad de CC Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , E-28040, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos IPARCOS , Facultad de CC Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Colby College , Waterville, ME 04901, USACentro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain ; pgperez@cab.inta-csic.esNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanNSF’s National Optical-IR Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USADepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USADepartment of Physics, 196 Auditorium Road, Unit 3046, University of Connecticut , Storrs, CT 06269, USADepartment of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USADipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G.Galilei”, Universitá di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy; INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122, Padova, ItalyAix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM Marseille, FranceOsservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, 77843-4242 USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, 77843-4242 USAUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USARacah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, IsraelNSF’s National Optical-IR Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceSpace Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD, USADepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USAINAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via di Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USAAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USAUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceINAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122, Padova, ItalySpace Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD, USADepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USAInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Universidad de la Laguna , La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Université Paris-Cité , LERMA—Observatoire de Paris, PSL, Paris, FranceDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USALaboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology , 84 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USACenter for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS 66045, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Colby College , Waterville, ME 04901, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USAGemini Observatory/NSF’s National Optical-IR Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, 77843-4242 USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, 77843-4242 USAESA/AURA Space Telescope Science Institute , USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USAKavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UKDepartment of Physics, 196 Auditorium Road, Unit 3046, University of Connecticut , Storrs, CT 06269, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAAstronomy Centre, University of Sussex , Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK; Institute of Space Sciences and Astronomy, University of Malta , Msida MSD 2080, MaltaDepartment of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UKKapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The NetherlandsAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAThe new capabilities that JWST offers in the near- and mid-infrared (IR) are used to investigate in unprecedented detail the nature of optical/near-IR-faint, mid-IR-bright sources, with HST-dark galaxies among them. We gather JWST data from the CEERS survey in the Extended Groth Strip, jointly with HST data, and analyze spatially resolved optical-to-mid-IR spectral energy distributions to estimate photometric redshifts in two dimensions and stellar population properties on a pixel-by-pixel basis for red galaxies detected by NIRCam. We select 138 galaxies with F150W − F356W > 1.5 mag and F356W < 27.5 mag. The nature of these sources is threefold: (1) 71% are dusty star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at 2 < z < 6 with $9\lt \mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\lt 11$ and a variety of specific SFRs (<1 to >100 Gyr ^−1 ); (2) 18% are quiescent/dormant (i.e., subject to reignition/rejuvenation) galaxies (QGs) at 3 < z < 5, with $\mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\sim 10$ and poststarburst mass-weighted ages (0.5–1.0 Gyr); and (3) 11% are strong young starbursts with indications of high equivalent width emission lines (typically, [O iii ]+H β ) at 6 < z < 7 (XELG- z 6) and $\mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\sim 9.5$ . The sample is dominated by disk-like galaxies with remarkable compactness for XELG- z 6 (effective radii smaller than 0.4 kpc). Large attenuations in SFGs, 2 < A ( V ) < 5 mag, are found within 1.5 times the effective radius, approximately 2 kpc, while QGs present A ( V ) ∼ 0.2 mag. Our SED-fitting technique reproduces the expected dust emission luminosities of IR-bright and submillimeter galaxies. This study implies high levels of star formation activity between z ∼ 20 and z ∼ 10, where virtually 100% of our galaxies had already formed 10 ^8 M _⊙ , 60% had assembled 10 ^9 M _⊙ , and 10% up to 10 ^10 M _⊙ (in situ or ex situ).https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb3a5Galaxy formationGalaxy evolutionHigh-redshift galaxiesStellar populationsBroad band photometryGalaxy ages |
| spellingShingle | Pablo G. Pérez-González Guillermo Barro Marianna Annunziatella Luca Costantin Ángela García-Argumánez Elizabeth J. McGrath Rosa M. Mérida Jorge A. Zavala Pablo Arrabal Haro Micaela B. Bagley Bren E. Backhaus Peter Behroozi Eric F. Bell Laura Bisigello Véronique Buat Antonello Calabrò Caitlin M. Casey Nikko J. Cleri Rosemary T. Coogan M. C. Cooper Asantha R. Cooray Avishai Dekel Mark Dickinson David Elbaz Henry C. Ferguson Steven L. Finkelstein Adriano Fontana Maximilien Franco Jonathan P. Gardner Mauro Giavalisco Carlos Gómez-Guijarro Andrea Grazian Norman A. Grogin Yuchen Guo Marc Huertas-Company Shardha Jogee Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe Lisa J. Kewley Allison Kirkpatrick Dale D. Kocevski Anton M. Koekemoer Arianna S. Long Jennifer M. Lotz Ray A. Lucas Casey Papovich Nor Pirzkal Swara Ravindranath Rachel S. Somerville Sandro Tacchella Jonathan R. Trump Weichen Wang Stephen M. Wilkins Stijn Wuyts Guang Yang L. Y. Aaron Yung CEERS Key Paper. IV. A Triality in the Nature of HST-dark Galaxies The Astrophysical Journal Letters Galaxy formation Galaxy evolution High-redshift galaxies Stellar populations Broad band photometry Galaxy ages |
| title | CEERS Key Paper. IV. A Triality in the Nature of HST-dark Galaxies |
| title_full | CEERS Key Paper. IV. A Triality in the Nature of HST-dark Galaxies |
| title_fullStr | CEERS Key Paper. IV. A Triality in the Nature of HST-dark Galaxies |
| title_full_unstemmed | CEERS Key Paper. IV. A Triality in the Nature of HST-dark Galaxies |
| title_short | CEERS Key Paper. IV. A Triality in the Nature of HST-dark Galaxies |
| title_sort | ceers key paper iv a triality in the nature of hst dark galaxies |
| topic | Galaxy formation Galaxy evolution High-redshift galaxies Stellar populations Broad band photometry Galaxy ages |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb3a5 |
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