Label-Free Creatinine Optical Sensing Using Molecularly Imprinted Titanium Dioxide-Polycarboxylic Acid Hybrid Thin Films: A Preliminary Study for Urine Sample Analysis
Creatinine (CR) is a representative metabolic byproduct of muscles, and its sensitive and selective detection has become critical in the diagnosis of kidney diseases. In this study, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-assisted molecularly imprinted (MI) TiO<sub>2</sub> nanothin films fabricated via...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Chemosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/7/185 |
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| author | Seung-Woo Lee Soad Ahmed Tao Wang Yeawon Park Sota Matsuzaki Shinichi Tatsumi Shigekiyo Matsumoto Sergiy Korposh Steve James |
| author_facet | Seung-Woo Lee Soad Ahmed Tao Wang Yeawon Park Sota Matsuzaki Shinichi Tatsumi Shigekiyo Matsumoto Sergiy Korposh Steve James |
| author_sort | Seung-Woo Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Creatinine (CR) is a representative metabolic byproduct of muscles, and its sensitive and selective detection has become critical in the diagnosis of kidney diseases. In this study, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-assisted molecularly imprinted (MI) TiO<sub>2</sub> nanothin films fabricated via liquid phase deposition (LPD) were employed for CR detection. The molecular recognition properties of the fabricated films were evaluated using fiber optic long period grating (LPG) and quartz crystal microbalance sensors. Imprinting effects were examined compared with nonimprinted (NI) pure TiO<sub>2</sub> and PAA-assisted TiO<sub>2</sub> films fabricated similarly without a template. In addition, the surface modification of the optical fiber section containing the LPG with a mesoporous base coating of silica nanoparticles, which was conducted before LPD-based TiO<sub>2</sub> film deposition, contributed to the improvement of the sensitivity of the MI LPG sensor. The sensitivity and selectivity of LPGs coated with MI films were tested using CR solutions dissolved in different pH waters and artificial urine (near pH 7). The CR binding constants of the MI and NI films, which were calculated from the Benesi–Hildebrand plots of the wavelength shifts of the second LPG band recorded in water at pH 4.6, were estimated to be 67 and 7.8 M<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>, respectively, showing an almost ninefold higher sensitivity in the MI film. The mechanism of the interaction between the template and the TiO<sub>2</sub> matrix and the film composition was investigated via ultraviolet–visible and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy along with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. In addition, morphological studies using a scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope were conducted. The proposed system has the potential for practical use to determine CR levels in urine samples. This LPG-based label-free CR biosensor is innovative and expected to be a new tool to identify complex biomolecules in terms of its easy fabrication and simplicity in methodology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:42:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ac4e18f27be4a6095cce3951f3d86ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:42:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ac4e18f27be4a6095cce3951f3d86ca2023-11-22T03:31:25ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402021-07-019718510.3390/chemosensors9070185Label-Free Creatinine Optical Sensing Using Molecularly Imprinted Titanium Dioxide-Polycarboxylic Acid Hybrid Thin Films: A Preliminary Study for Urine Sample AnalysisSeung-Woo Lee0Soad Ahmed1Tao Wang2Yeawon Park3Sota Matsuzaki4Shinichi Tatsumi5Shigekiyo Matsumoto6Sergiy Korposh7Steve James8Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, JapanGraduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, JapanGraduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, JapanGraduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, JapanGraduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, JapanGraduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, JapanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Yufu-shi, Oita 879-5593, JapanDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKEngineering Photonics, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UKCreatinine (CR) is a representative metabolic byproduct of muscles, and its sensitive and selective detection has become critical in the diagnosis of kidney diseases. In this study, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-assisted molecularly imprinted (MI) TiO<sub>2</sub> nanothin films fabricated via liquid phase deposition (LPD) were employed for CR detection. The molecular recognition properties of the fabricated films were evaluated using fiber optic long period grating (LPG) and quartz crystal microbalance sensors. Imprinting effects were examined compared with nonimprinted (NI) pure TiO<sub>2</sub> and PAA-assisted TiO<sub>2</sub> films fabricated similarly without a template. In addition, the surface modification of the optical fiber section containing the LPG with a mesoporous base coating of silica nanoparticles, which was conducted before LPD-based TiO<sub>2</sub> film deposition, contributed to the improvement of the sensitivity of the MI LPG sensor. The sensitivity and selectivity of LPGs coated with MI films were tested using CR solutions dissolved in different pH waters and artificial urine (near pH 7). The CR binding constants of the MI and NI films, which were calculated from the Benesi–Hildebrand plots of the wavelength shifts of the second LPG band recorded in water at pH 4.6, were estimated to be 67 and 7.8 M<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>, respectively, showing an almost ninefold higher sensitivity in the MI film. The mechanism of the interaction between the template and the TiO<sub>2</sub> matrix and the film composition was investigated via ultraviolet–visible and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy along with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. In addition, morphological studies using a scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope were conducted. The proposed system has the potential for practical use to determine CR levels in urine samples. This LPG-based label-free CR biosensor is innovative and expected to be a new tool to identify complex biomolecules in terms of its easy fabrication and simplicity in methodology.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/7/185liquid phase depositionmolecular imprintingcreatinineTiO<sub>2</sub> nanothin filmlong period gratingurine analysis |
| spellingShingle | Seung-Woo Lee Soad Ahmed Tao Wang Yeawon Park Sota Matsuzaki Shinichi Tatsumi Shigekiyo Matsumoto Sergiy Korposh Steve James Label-Free Creatinine Optical Sensing Using Molecularly Imprinted Titanium Dioxide-Polycarboxylic Acid Hybrid Thin Films: A Preliminary Study for Urine Sample Analysis Chemosensors liquid phase deposition molecular imprinting creatinine TiO<sub>2</sub> nanothin film long period grating urine analysis |
| title | Label-Free Creatinine Optical Sensing Using Molecularly Imprinted Titanium Dioxide-Polycarboxylic Acid Hybrid Thin Films: A Preliminary Study for Urine Sample Analysis |
| title_full | Label-Free Creatinine Optical Sensing Using Molecularly Imprinted Titanium Dioxide-Polycarboxylic Acid Hybrid Thin Films: A Preliminary Study for Urine Sample Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Label-Free Creatinine Optical Sensing Using Molecularly Imprinted Titanium Dioxide-Polycarboxylic Acid Hybrid Thin Films: A Preliminary Study for Urine Sample Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Label-Free Creatinine Optical Sensing Using Molecularly Imprinted Titanium Dioxide-Polycarboxylic Acid Hybrid Thin Films: A Preliminary Study for Urine Sample Analysis |
| title_short | Label-Free Creatinine Optical Sensing Using Molecularly Imprinted Titanium Dioxide-Polycarboxylic Acid Hybrid Thin Films: A Preliminary Study for Urine Sample Analysis |
| title_sort | label free creatinine optical sensing using molecularly imprinted titanium dioxide polycarboxylic acid hybrid thin films a preliminary study for urine sample analysis |
| topic | liquid phase deposition molecular imprinting creatinine TiO<sub>2</sub> nanothin film long period grating urine analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/7/185 |
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