Decrease of activity of antioxidant enzymes, lysozyme content, and protein degradation in milk contaminated with heavy metals (cadmium and lead)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of added Cd and Pb to milk on its stability by determining antioxidant enzymatic activities, lysozyme content, and protein degradation. Antioxidant enzymatic activities were spectrophotometrically determined by superoxide dismutase, catalase, xanthine...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-09-01
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| Series: | JDS Communications |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666910222000874 |
| _version_ | 1797788384618348544 |
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| author | G. Grassi A. Simonetti E. Gambacorta A. Perna |
| author_facet | G. Grassi A. Simonetti E. Gambacorta A. Perna |
| author_sort | G. Grassi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of added Cd and Pb to milk on its stability by determining antioxidant enzymatic activities, lysozyme content, and protein degradation. Antioxidant enzymatic activities were spectrophotometrically determined by superoxide dismutase, catalase, xanthine oxidase, and glutathione peroxidase assays; lysozyme was identified and quantified by HPLC-UV analysis, and protein degradation was investigated by spectrophotometric analysis of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and dityrosine content. In this study, contaminated milk samples showed a significant reduction in activity of all studied enzymes compared with control milk. The contamination of milk also led to a significant reduction in the lysozyme content; lysozyme content was decreased about 22% and 18% in Pb milk and Cd milk, respectively, compared with control milk. The presence of the contaminants in the milk resulted in a significant increase of both dityrosine concentration and AOPP compared with the control milk. Moreover, between types of contaminated milk, dityrosine and AOPP values were significantly higher in the Pb milk than in the Cd milk. Therefore, it is important to monitor the presence of these toxic elements in milk for the damage they cause to consumer health both directly due to their ingestion and indirectly due to loss of milk stability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:35:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5acf392278bb452eabdf0cf26b32f629 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-9102 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:35:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JDS Communications |
| spelling | doaj.art-5acf392278bb452eabdf0cf26b32f6292023-07-04T05:11:02ZengElsevierJDS Communications2666-91022022-09-0135312316Decrease of activity of antioxidant enzymes, lysozyme content, and protein degradation in milk contaminated with heavy metals (cadmium and lead)G. Grassi0A. Simonetti1E. Gambacorta2A. Perna3School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, ItalyCorresponding author; School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, ItalySchool of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, ItalySchool of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, ItalyThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of added Cd and Pb to milk on its stability by determining antioxidant enzymatic activities, lysozyme content, and protein degradation. Antioxidant enzymatic activities were spectrophotometrically determined by superoxide dismutase, catalase, xanthine oxidase, and glutathione peroxidase assays; lysozyme was identified and quantified by HPLC-UV analysis, and protein degradation was investigated by spectrophotometric analysis of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and dityrosine content. In this study, contaminated milk samples showed a significant reduction in activity of all studied enzymes compared with control milk. The contamination of milk also led to a significant reduction in the lysozyme content; lysozyme content was decreased about 22% and 18% in Pb milk and Cd milk, respectively, compared with control milk. The presence of the contaminants in the milk resulted in a significant increase of both dityrosine concentration and AOPP compared with the control milk. Moreover, between types of contaminated milk, dityrosine and AOPP values were significantly higher in the Pb milk than in the Cd milk. Therefore, it is important to monitor the presence of these toxic elements in milk for the damage they cause to consumer health both directly due to their ingestion and indirectly due to loss of milk stability.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666910222000874 |
| spellingShingle | G. Grassi A. Simonetti E. Gambacorta A. Perna Decrease of activity of antioxidant enzymes, lysozyme content, and protein degradation in milk contaminated with heavy metals (cadmium and lead) JDS Communications |
| title | Decrease of activity of antioxidant enzymes, lysozyme content, and protein degradation in milk contaminated with heavy metals (cadmium and lead) |
| title_full | Decrease of activity of antioxidant enzymes, lysozyme content, and protein degradation in milk contaminated with heavy metals (cadmium and lead) |
| title_fullStr | Decrease of activity of antioxidant enzymes, lysozyme content, and protein degradation in milk contaminated with heavy metals (cadmium and lead) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decrease of activity of antioxidant enzymes, lysozyme content, and protein degradation in milk contaminated with heavy metals (cadmium and lead) |
| title_short | Decrease of activity of antioxidant enzymes, lysozyme content, and protein degradation in milk contaminated with heavy metals (cadmium and lead) |
| title_sort | decrease of activity of antioxidant enzymes lysozyme content and protein degradation in milk contaminated with heavy metals cadmium and lead |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666910222000874 |
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