Improving the Efficiency of Photodynamic Chemotherapy in Root Canals against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> In Vitro
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) on <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E. faecalis</i>) biofilms in root canals using an 90% isopropanol (IPA)-based photosensitizer and removing excess photosensitizer before light incubation...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/9/543 |
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| author | Christian Tennert Yoana Zinovieva Kalin Shishkov Lamprini Karygianni Makus Jörg Altenburger Richard J Wierichs Ali Al-Ahmad |
| author_facet | Christian Tennert Yoana Zinovieva Kalin Shishkov Lamprini Karygianni Makus Jörg Altenburger Richard J Wierichs Ali Al-Ahmad |
| author_sort | Christian Tennert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) on <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E. faecalis</i>) biofilms in root canals using an 90% isopropanol (IPA)-based photosensitizer and removing excess photosensitizer before light incubation. Three hundred and seven extracted human teeth with one root canal were infected with <i>E. faecalis</i> for 72 h and treated in groups: IPA irrigation; PACT; PACT and final rinse with IPA; PACT with photosensitizer removal using either 0.9% NaCl solution or sterile paper points or both; PACT using IPA-based photosensitizer with and without a final rinse of IPA. Root canals were sampled using sterile paper points and dentin chips collected from the root canal walls. Additionally, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images of the specimens were taken to evaluate the root canal walls for residue bacterial contamination. In all antimicrobial treatment groups treatments <i>E. faecalis</i> counts were significantly reduced in the root canals. Using IPA-based photosensitizer the antimicrobial effect of PACT was significantly enhanced. Irrigation with IPA alone or after PACT significantly increased the antimicrobial effect compared to PACT alone. The collected dentin chips revealed the highest amount of culture negative root canals (10%) after PACT using IPA-based photosensitizer. In the other groups, the culture negative samples ranged from only 0–2 specimens of 30 specimens. REM images show remaining <i>E. faecalis</i> cells on the root canal wall and inside dentin tubules. Using IPA-based photosensitizer significantly enhanced the antimicrobial effect of PACT against <i>E. faecalis</i> in the root canals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:47:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ad15c4a8c474edfa864df9e816ef463 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:47:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ad15c4a8c474edfa864df9e816ef4632023-11-20T11:27:02ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822020-08-019954310.3390/antibiotics9090543Improving the Efficiency of Photodynamic Chemotherapy in Root Canals against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> In VitroChristian Tennert0Yoana Zinovieva1Kalin Shishkov2Lamprini Karygianni3Makus Jörg Altenburger4Richard J Wierichs5Ali Al-Ahmad6Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3007 Bern, SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyFaculty of Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyClinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental medicine, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3007 Bern, SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Freiburg—Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) on <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E. faecalis</i>) biofilms in root canals using an 90% isopropanol (IPA)-based photosensitizer and removing excess photosensitizer before light incubation. Three hundred and seven extracted human teeth with one root canal were infected with <i>E. faecalis</i> for 72 h and treated in groups: IPA irrigation; PACT; PACT and final rinse with IPA; PACT with photosensitizer removal using either 0.9% NaCl solution or sterile paper points or both; PACT using IPA-based photosensitizer with and without a final rinse of IPA. Root canals were sampled using sterile paper points and dentin chips collected from the root canal walls. Additionally, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images of the specimens were taken to evaluate the root canal walls for residue bacterial contamination. In all antimicrobial treatment groups treatments <i>E. faecalis</i> counts were significantly reduced in the root canals. Using IPA-based photosensitizer the antimicrobial effect of PACT was significantly enhanced. Irrigation with IPA alone or after PACT significantly increased the antimicrobial effect compared to PACT alone. The collected dentin chips revealed the highest amount of culture negative root canals (10%) after PACT using IPA-based photosensitizer. In the other groups, the culture negative samples ranged from only 0–2 specimens of 30 specimens. REM images show remaining <i>E. faecalis</i> cells on the root canal wall and inside dentin tubules. Using IPA-based photosensitizer significantly enhanced the antimicrobial effect of PACT against <i>E. faecalis</i> in the root canals.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/9/543endodonticsantimicrobial treatmentphotodynamic therapyisopropanol<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Christian Tennert Yoana Zinovieva Kalin Shishkov Lamprini Karygianni Makus Jörg Altenburger Richard J Wierichs Ali Al-Ahmad Improving the Efficiency of Photodynamic Chemotherapy in Root Canals against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> In Vitro Antibiotics endodontics antimicrobial treatment photodynamic therapy isopropanol <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| title | Improving the Efficiency of Photodynamic Chemotherapy in Root Canals against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> In Vitro |
| title_full | Improving the Efficiency of Photodynamic Chemotherapy in Root Canals against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Improving the Efficiency of Photodynamic Chemotherapy in Root Canals against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improving the Efficiency of Photodynamic Chemotherapy in Root Canals against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> In Vitro |
| title_short | Improving the Efficiency of Photodynamic Chemotherapy in Root Canals against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> In Vitro |
| title_sort | improving the efficiency of photodynamic chemotherapy in root canals against i enterococcus faecalis i in vitro |
| topic | endodontics antimicrobial treatment photodynamic therapy isopropanol <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/9/543 |
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