Phantom Study on the Robustness of MR Radiomics Features: Comparing the Applicability of 3D Printed and Biological Phantoms
The objectives of our study were to (a) evaluate the feasibility of using 3D printed phantoms in magnetic resonance imaging (MR) in assessing the robustness and repeatability of radiomic parameters and (b) to compare the results obtained from the 3D printed phantoms to metrics obtained in biological...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/9/2196 |
| _version_ | 1797489395781074944 |
|---|---|
| author | Gergő Veres János Kiss Norman Félix Vas Piroska Kallos-Balogh Nóra Beatrix Máthé Martin Lyngby Lassen Ervin Berényi László Balkay |
| author_facet | Gergő Veres János Kiss Norman Félix Vas Piroska Kallos-Balogh Nóra Beatrix Máthé Martin Lyngby Lassen Ervin Berényi László Balkay |
| author_sort | Gergő Veres |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objectives of our study were to (a) evaluate the feasibility of using 3D printed phantoms in magnetic resonance imaging (MR) in assessing the robustness and repeatability of radiomic parameters and (b) to compare the results obtained from the 3D printed phantoms to metrics obtained in biological phantoms. To this end, three different 3D phantoms were printed: a Hilbert cube (5 × 5 × 5 cm<sup>3</sup>) and two cubic quick response (QR) code phantoms (a large phantom (large QR) (5 × 5 × 4 cm<sup>3</sup>) and a small phantom (small QR) (4 × 4 × 3 cm<sup>3</sup>)). All 3D printed and biological phantoms (kiwis, tomatoes, and onions) were scanned thrice on clinical 1.5 T and 3 T MR with 1 mm and 2 mm isotropic resolution. Subsequent analyses included analyses of several radiomics indices (RI), their repeatability and reliability were calculated using the coefficient of variation (CV), the relative percentage difference (RPD), and the interclass coefficient (ICC) parameters. Additionally, the readability of QR codes obtained from the MR images was examined with several mobile phones and algorithms. The best repeatability (CV ≤ 10%) is reported for the acquisition protocols with the highest spatial resolution. In general, the repeatability and reliability of RI were better in data obtained at 1.5 T (CV = 1.9) than at 3 T (CV = 2.11). Furthermore, we report good agreements between results obtained for the 3D phantoms and biological phantoms. Finally, analyses of the read-out rate of the QR code revealed better texture analyses for images with a spatial resolution of 1 mm than 2 mm. In conclusion, 3D printing techniques offer a unique solution to create textures for analyzing the reliability of radiomic data from MR scans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:16:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ade38418f0e4d789ffb13ea13e71028 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:16:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ade38418f0e4d789ffb13ea13e710282023-11-23T15:50:18ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182022-09-01129219610.3390/diagnostics12092196Phantom Study on the Robustness of MR Radiomics Features: Comparing the Applicability of 3D Printed and Biological PhantomsGergő Veres0János Kiss1Norman Félix Vas2Piroska Kallos-Balogh3Nóra Beatrix Máthé4Martin Lyngby Lassen5Ervin Berényi6László Balkay7Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryDivision of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryDivision of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryDivision of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryDivision of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Section 4011, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, DenmarkDivision of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryDivision of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryThe objectives of our study were to (a) evaluate the feasibility of using 3D printed phantoms in magnetic resonance imaging (MR) in assessing the robustness and repeatability of radiomic parameters and (b) to compare the results obtained from the 3D printed phantoms to metrics obtained in biological phantoms. To this end, three different 3D phantoms were printed: a Hilbert cube (5 × 5 × 5 cm<sup>3</sup>) and two cubic quick response (QR) code phantoms (a large phantom (large QR) (5 × 5 × 4 cm<sup>3</sup>) and a small phantom (small QR) (4 × 4 × 3 cm<sup>3</sup>)). All 3D printed and biological phantoms (kiwis, tomatoes, and onions) were scanned thrice on clinical 1.5 T and 3 T MR with 1 mm and 2 mm isotropic resolution. Subsequent analyses included analyses of several radiomics indices (RI), their repeatability and reliability were calculated using the coefficient of variation (CV), the relative percentage difference (RPD), and the interclass coefficient (ICC) parameters. Additionally, the readability of QR codes obtained from the MR images was examined with several mobile phones and algorithms. The best repeatability (CV ≤ 10%) is reported for the acquisition protocols with the highest spatial resolution. In general, the repeatability and reliability of RI were better in data obtained at 1.5 T (CV = 1.9) than at 3 T (CV = 2.11). Furthermore, we report good agreements between results obtained for the 3D phantoms and biological phantoms. Finally, analyses of the read-out rate of the QR code revealed better texture analyses for images with a spatial resolution of 1 mm than 2 mm. In conclusion, 3D printing techniques offer a unique solution to create textures for analyzing the reliability of radiomic data from MR scans.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/9/2196image processingtexture analysismagnetic resonance imagingphantom studyradiomics3D printing |
| spellingShingle | Gergő Veres János Kiss Norman Félix Vas Piroska Kallos-Balogh Nóra Beatrix Máthé Martin Lyngby Lassen Ervin Berényi László Balkay Phantom Study on the Robustness of MR Radiomics Features: Comparing the Applicability of 3D Printed and Biological Phantoms Diagnostics image processing texture analysis magnetic resonance imaging phantom study radiomics 3D printing |
| title | Phantom Study on the Robustness of MR Radiomics Features: Comparing the Applicability of 3D Printed and Biological Phantoms |
| title_full | Phantom Study on the Robustness of MR Radiomics Features: Comparing the Applicability of 3D Printed and Biological Phantoms |
| title_fullStr | Phantom Study on the Robustness of MR Radiomics Features: Comparing the Applicability of 3D Printed and Biological Phantoms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phantom Study on the Robustness of MR Radiomics Features: Comparing the Applicability of 3D Printed and Biological Phantoms |
| title_short | Phantom Study on the Robustness of MR Radiomics Features: Comparing the Applicability of 3D Printed and Biological Phantoms |
| title_sort | phantom study on the robustness of mr radiomics features comparing the applicability of 3d printed and biological phantoms |
| topic | image processing texture analysis magnetic resonance imaging phantom study radiomics 3D printing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/9/2196 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gergoveres phantomstudyontherobustnessofmrradiomicsfeaturescomparingtheapplicabilityof3dprintedandbiologicalphantoms AT janoskiss phantomstudyontherobustnessofmrradiomicsfeaturescomparingtheapplicabilityof3dprintedandbiologicalphantoms AT normanfelixvas phantomstudyontherobustnessofmrradiomicsfeaturescomparingtheapplicabilityof3dprintedandbiologicalphantoms AT piroskakallosbalogh phantomstudyontherobustnessofmrradiomicsfeaturescomparingtheapplicabilityof3dprintedandbiologicalphantoms AT norabeatrixmathe phantomstudyontherobustnessofmrradiomicsfeaturescomparingtheapplicabilityof3dprintedandbiologicalphantoms AT martinlyngbylassen phantomstudyontherobustnessofmrradiomicsfeaturescomparingtheapplicabilityof3dprintedandbiologicalphantoms AT ervinberenyi phantomstudyontherobustnessofmrradiomicsfeaturescomparingtheapplicabilityof3dprintedandbiologicalphantoms AT laszlobalkay phantomstudyontherobustnessofmrradiomicsfeaturescomparingtheapplicabilityof3dprintedandbiologicalphantoms |