The mental health burden of racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Racial/ethnic minorities have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. The effects of COVID-19 on the long-term mental health of minorities remains unclear. To evaluate differences in odds of screening positive for depression and anxiety among various racial and ethnic groups during the latter...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271661 |
| _version_ | 1828254671382249472 |
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| author | Long H Nguyen Adjoa Anyane-Yeboa Kerstin Klaser Jordi Merino David A Drew Wenjie Ma Raaj S Mehta Daniel Y Kim Erica T Warner Amit D Joshi Mark S Graham Carole H Sudre Ellen J Thompson Anna May Christina Hu Solveig Jørgensen Somesh Selvachandran Sarah E Berry Sean P David Maria Elena Martinez Jane C Figueiredo Anne M Murray Alan R Sanders Karestan C Koenen Jonathan Wolf Sebastien Ourselin Tim D Spector Claire J Steves Andrew T Chan |
| author_facet | Long H Nguyen Adjoa Anyane-Yeboa Kerstin Klaser Jordi Merino David A Drew Wenjie Ma Raaj S Mehta Daniel Y Kim Erica T Warner Amit D Joshi Mark S Graham Carole H Sudre Ellen J Thompson Anna May Christina Hu Solveig Jørgensen Somesh Selvachandran Sarah E Berry Sean P David Maria Elena Martinez Jane C Figueiredo Anne M Murray Alan R Sanders Karestan C Koenen Jonathan Wolf Sebastien Ourselin Tim D Spector Claire J Steves Andrew T Chan |
| author_sort | Long H Nguyen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Racial/ethnic minorities have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. The effects of COVID-19 on the long-term mental health of minorities remains unclear. To evaluate differences in odds of screening positive for depression and anxiety among various racial and ethnic groups during the latter phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of 691,473 participants nested within the prospective smartphone-based COVID Symptom Study in the United States (U.S.) and United Kingdom (U.K). from February 23, 2021 to June 9, 2021. In the U.S. (n=57,187), compared to White participants, the multivariable odds ratios (ORs) for screening positive for depression were 1·16 (95% CI: 1·02 to 1·31) for Black, 1·23 (1·11 to 1·36) for Hispanic, and 1·15 (1·02 to 1·30) for Asian participants, and 1·34 (1·13 to 1·59) for participants reporting more than one race/other even after accounting for personal factors such as prior history of a mental health disorder, COVID-19 infection status, and surrounding lockdown stringency. Rates of screening positive for anxiety were comparable. In the U.K. (n=643,286), racial/ethnic minorities had similarly elevated rates of positive screening for depression and anxiety. These disparities were not fully explained by changes in leisure time activities. Racial/ethnic minorities bore a disproportionate mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. These differences will need to be considered as health care systems transition from prioritizing infection control to mitigating long-term consequences. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:02:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ae46caeb51648d2b4465e1d48aa8fbd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:02:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ae46caeb51648d2b4465e1d48aa8fbd2022-12-22T03:07:34ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-01178e027166110.1371/journal.pone.0271661The mental health burden of racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic.Long H NguyenAdjoa Anyane-YeboaKerstin KlaserJordi MerinoDavid A DrewWenjie MaRaaj S MehtaDaniel Y KimErica T WarnerAmit D JoshiMark S GrahamCarole H SudreEllen J ThompsonAnna MayChristina HuSolveig JørgensenSomesh SelvachandranSarah E BerrySean P DavidMaria Elena MartinezJane C FigueiredoAnne M MurrayAlan R SandersKarestan C KoenenJonathan WolfSebastien OurselinTim D SpectorClaire J StevesAndrew T ChanRacial/ethnic minorities have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. The effects of COVID-19 on the long-term mental health of minorities remains unclear. To evaluate differences in odds of screening positive for depression and anxiety among various racial and ethnic groups during the latter phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of 691,473 participants nested within the prospective smartphone-based COVID Symptom Study in the United States (U.S.) and United Kingdom (U.K). from February 23, 2021 to June 9, 2021. In the U.S. (n=57,187), compared to White participants, the multivariable odds ratios (ORs) for screening positive for depression were 1·16 (95% CI: 1·02 to 1·31) for Black, 1·23 (1·11 to 1·36) for Hispanic, and 1·15 (1·02 to 1·30) for Asian participants, and 1·34 (1·13 to 1·59) for participants reporting more than one race/other even after accounting for personal factors such as prior history of a mental health disorder, COVID-19 infection status, and surrounding lockdown stringency. Rates of screening positive for anxiety were comparable. In the U.K. (n=643,286), racial/ethnic minorities had similarly elevated rates of positive screening for depression and anxiety. These disparities were not fully explained by changes in leisure time activities. Racial/ethnic minorities bore a disproportionate mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. These differences will need to be considered as health care systems transition from prioritizing infection control to mitigating long-term consequences.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271661 |
| spellingShingle | Long H Nguyen Adjoa Anyane-Yeboa Kerstin Klaser Jordi Merino David A Drew Wenjie Ma Raaj S Mehta Daniel Y Kim Erica T Warner Amit D Joshi Mark S Graham Carole H Sudre Ellen J Thompson Anna May Christina Hu Solveig Jørgensen Somesh Selvachandran Sarah E Berry Sean P David Maria Elena Martinez Jane C Figueiredo Anne M Murray Alan R Sanders Karestan C Koenen Jonathan Wolf Sebastien Ourselin Tim D Spector Claire J Steves Andrew T Chan The mental health burden of racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE |
| title | The mental health burden of racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| title_full | The mental health burden of racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| title_fullStr | The mental health burden of racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mental health burden of racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| title_short | The mental health burden of racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| title_sort | mental health burden of racial and ethnic minorities during the covid 19 pandemic |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271661 |
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