Carbon Dioxide Tornado-Type Atmospheric-Pressure-Plasma-Jet-Processed rGO-SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites for Symmetric Supercapacitors
Pastes containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and SnCl<sub>2</sub> solution were screen printed on carbon cloth and then calcined using a CO<sub>2</sub> tornado-type atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ). The tornado circulation of the plasma gas enhances the mixing of the...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| author | Jung-Hsien Chang Song-Yu Chen Yu-Lin Kuo Chii-Rong Yang Jian-Zhang Chen |
| author_facet | Jung-Hsien Chang Song-Yu Chen Yu-Lin Kuo Chii-Rong Yang Jian-Zhang Chen |
| author_sort | Jung-Hsien Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pastes containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and SnCl<sub>2</sub> solution were screen printed on carbon cloth and then calcined using a CO<sub>2</sub> tornado-type atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ). The tornado circulation of the plasma gas enhances the mixing of the reactive plasma species and thus ensures better reaction uniformity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to characterize the synthesized rGO-SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites on carbon cloth. After CO<sub>2</sub> tornado-type APPJ treatment, the pastes were converted into rGO-SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites for use as the active electrode materials of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> gel-electrolyte flexible supercapacitors (SCs). Various APPJ scanning times were tested to obtain SCs with optimized performance. With seven APPJ scans, the SC achieved the best areal capacitance of 37.17 mF/cm<sup>2</sup> in Galvanostatic charging/discharging (GCD) and a capacitance retention rate of 84.2% after 10,000-cycle cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests. The capacitance contribution ratio, calculated as pseudocapacitance/electrical double layer capacitance (PC/EDLC), is ~50/50 as analyzed by the Trasatti method. GCD data were also analyzed to obtain Ragone plots; these indicated an energy density comparable to those of SCs processed using a fixed-point nitrogen APPJ in our previous study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:06:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ae97ed3511046e1b791461d378e2a14 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:06:20Z |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ae97ed3511046e1b791461d378e2a142023-11-21T21:06:02ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-05-011411277710.3390/ma14112777Carbon Dioxide Tornado-Type Atmospheric-Pressure-Plasma-Jet-Processed rGO-SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites for Symmetric SupercapacitorsJung-Hsien Chang0Song-Yu Chen1Yu-Lin Kuo2Chii-Rong Yang3Jian-Zhang Chen4Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, TaiwanDepartment of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 10610, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, TaiwanPastes containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and SnCl<sub>2</sub> solution were screen printed on carbon cloth and then calcined using a CO<sub>2</sub> tornado-type atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ). The tornado circulation of the plasma gas enhances the mixing of the reactive plasma species and thus ensures better reaction uniformity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to characterize the synthesized rGO-SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites on carbon cloth. After CO<sub>2</sub> tornado-type APPJ treatment, the pastes were converted into rGO-SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites for use as the active electrode materials of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> gel-electrolyte flexible supercapacitors (SCs). Various APPJ scanning times were tested to obtain SCs with optimized performance. With seven APPJ scans, the SC achieved the best areal capacitance of 37.17 mF/cm<sup>2</sup> in Galvanostatic charging/discharging (GCD) and a capacitance retention rate of 84.2% after 10,000-cycle cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests. The capacitance contribution ratio, calculated as pseudocapacitance/electrical double layer capacitance (PC/EDLC), is ~50/50 as analyzed by the Trasatti method. GCD data were also analyzed to obtain Ragone plots; these indicated an energy density comparable to those of SCs processed using a fixed-point nitrogen APPJ in our previous study.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/2777atmospheric-pressure plasmacarbon dioxidereduced graphene oxidetin oxidesupercapacitorflexible electronics |
| spellingShingle | Jung-Hsien Chang Song-Yu Chen Yu-Lin Kuo Chii-Rong Yang Jian-Zhang Chen Carbon Dioxide Tornado-Type Atmospheric-Pressure-Plasma-Jet-Processed rGO-SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites for Symmetric Supercapacitors Materials atmospheric-pressure plasma carbon dioxide reduced graphene oxide tin oxide supercapacitor flexible electronics |
| title | Carbon Dioxide Tornado-Type Atmospheric-Pressure-Plasma-Jet-Processed rGO-SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites for Symmetric Supercapacitors |
| title_full | Carbon Dioxide Tornado-Type Atmospheric-Pressure-Plasma-Jet-Processed rGO-SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites for Symmetric Supercapacitors |
| title_fullStr | Carbon Dioxide Tornado-Type Atmospheric-Pressure-Plasma-Jet-Processed rGO-SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites for Symmetric Supercapacitors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon Dioxide Tornado-Type Atmospheric-Pressure-Plasma-Jet-Processed rGO-SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites for Symmetric Supercapacitors |
| title_short | Carbon Dioxide Tornado-Type Atmospheric-Pressure-Plasma-Jet-Processed rGO-SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites for Symmetric Supercapacitors |
| title_sort | carbon dioxide tornado type atmospheric pressure plasma jet processed rgo sno sub 2 sub nanocomposites for symmetric supercapacitors |
| topic | atmospheric-pressure plasma carbon dioxide reduced graphene oxide tin oxide supercapacitor flexible electronics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/2777 |
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