Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. Epidemiologic studies show that sleep apnea increases cardiovascular diseases risk factors including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. OSA is also responsible for serious illnesses such as congestive hear...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/9/4/88 |
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author | Amal K. Mitra Azad R. Bhuiyan Elizabeth A. Jones |
author_facet | Amal K. Mitra Azad R. Bhuiyan Elizabeth A. Jones |
author_sort | Amal K. Mitra |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. Epidemiologic studies show that sleep apnea increases cardiovascular diseases risk factors including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. OSA is also responsible for serious illnesses such as congestive heart failure, stroke, arrhythmias, and bronchial asthma. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate evidence for the association between OSA and cardiovascular disease morbidities and identify risk factors for the conditions. In a review of 34 studies conducted in 28 countries with a sample of 37,599 people, several comorbidities were identified in patients with severe OSA—these were: heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, asthma, COPD, acute heart failure, chronic heart failure, hyperlipidemia, thyroid disease, cerebral infarct or embolism, myocardial infarction, and psychological comorbidities including stress and depression. Important risk factors contributing to OSA included: age > 35 years; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; alcoholism; higher Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS); mean apnea duration; oxygen desaturation index (ODI); and nocturnal oxygen desaturation (NOD). Severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30) was significantly associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and oxygen desaturation index. The risk of OSA and associated disease morbidities can be reduced by controlling overweight/obesity, alcoholism, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:17:58Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-5af227e4d4a2438d89b04932ee866724 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2079-9721 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:17:58Z |
publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
record_format | Article |
series | Diseases |
spelling | doaj.art-5af227e4d4a2438d89b04932ee8667242023-11-23T07:55:58ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212021-12-01948810.3390/diseases9040088Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic ReviewAmal K. Mitra0Azad R. Bhuiyan1Elizabeth A. Jones2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USAObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. Epidemiologic studies show that sleep apnea increases cardiovascular diseases risk factors including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. OSA is also responsible for serious illnesses such as congestive heart failure, stroke, arrhythmias, and bronchial asthma. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate evidence for the association between OSA and cardiovascular disease morbidities and identify risk factors for the conditions. In a review of 34 studies conducted in 28 countries with a sample of 37,599 people, several comorbidities were identified in patients with severe OSA—these were: heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, asthma, COPD, acute heart failure, chronic heart failure, hyperlipidemia, thyroid disease, cerebral infarct or embolism, myocardial infarction, and psychological comorbidities including stress and depression. Important risk factors contributing to OSA included: age > 35 years; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; alcoholism; higher Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS); mean apnea duration; oxygen desaturation index (ODI); and nocturnal oxygen desaturation (NOD). Severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30) was significantly associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and oxygen desaturation index. The risk of OSA and associated disease morbidities can be reduced by controlling overweight/obesity, alcoholism, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/9/4/88sleep apneacardiovascular diseasehypertensiondiabetesageobesity |
spellingShingle | Amal K. Mitra Azad R. Bhuiyan Elizabeth A. Jones Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review Diseases sleep apnea cardiovascular disease hypertension diabetes age obesity |
title | Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review |
title_full | Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review |
title_fullStr | Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review |
title_short | Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review |
title_sort | association and risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases a systematic review |
topic | sleep apnea cardiovascular disease hypertension diabetes age obesity |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/9/4/88 |
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