Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. Epidemiologic studies show that sleep apnea increases cardiovascular diseases risk factors including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. OSA is also responsible for serious illnesses such as congestive hear...

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Main Authors: Amal K. Mitra, Azad R. Bhuiyan, Elizabeth A. Jones
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-12-01
Series:Diseases
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/9/4/88
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author Amal K. Mitra
Azad R. Bhuiyan
Elizabeth A. Jones
author_facet Amal K. Mitra
Azad R. Bhuiyan
Elizabeth A. Jones
author_sort Amal K. Mitra
collection DOAJ
description Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. Epidemiologic studies show that sleep apnea increases cardiovascular diseases risk factors including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. OSA is also responsible for serious illnesses such as congestive heart failure, stroke, arrhythmias, and bronchial asthma. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate evidence for the association between OSA and cardiovascular disease morbidities and identify risk factors for the conditions. In a review of 34 studies conducted in 28 countries with a sample of 37,599 people, several comorbidities were identified in patients with severe OSA—these were: heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, asthma, COPD, acute heart failure, chronic heart failure, hyperlipidemia, thyroid disease, cerebral infarct or embolism, myocardial infarction, and psychological comorbidities including stress and depression. Important risk factors contributing to OSA included: age > 35 years; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; alcoholism; higher Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS); mean apnea duration; oxygen desaturation index (ODI); and nocturnal oxygen desaturation (NOD). Severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30) was significantly associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and oxygen desaturation index. The risk of OSA and associated disease morbidities can be reduced by controlling overweight/obesity, alcoholism, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia.
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spelling doaj.art-5af227e4d4a2438d89b04932ee8667242023-11-23T07:55:58ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212021-12-01948810.3390/diseases9040088Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic ReviewAmal K. Mitra0Azad R. Bhuiyan1Elizabeth A. Jones2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USAObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. Epidemiologic studies show that sleep apnea increases cardiovascular diseases risk factors including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. OSA is also responsible for serious illnesses such as congestive heart failure, stroke, arrhythmias, and bronchial asthma. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate evidence for the association between OSA and cardiovascular disease morbidities and identify risk factors for the conditions. In a review of 34 studies conducted in 28 countries with a sample of 37,599 people, several comorbidities were identified in patients with severe OSA—these were: heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, asthma, COPD, acute heart failure, chronic heart failure, hyperlipidemia, thyroid disease, cerebral infarct or embolism, myocardial infarction, and psychological comorbidities including stress and depression. Important risk factors contributing to OSA included: age > 35 years; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; alcoholism; higher Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS); mean apnea duration; oxygen desaturation index (ODI); and nocturnal oxygen desaturation (NOD). Severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30) was significantly associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and oxygen desaturation index. The risk of OSA and associated disease morbidities can be reduced by controlling overweight/obesity, alcoholism, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/9/4/88sleep apneacardiovascular diseasehypertensiondiabetesageobesity
spellingShingle Amal K. Mitra
Azad R. Bhuiyan
Elizabeth A. Jones
Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
Diseases
sleep apnea
cardiovascular disease
hypertension
diabetes
age
obesity
title Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
title_full Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
title_short Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
title_sort association and risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases a systematic review
topic sleep apnea
cardiovascular disease
hypertension
diabetes
age
obesity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/9/4/88
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