Preparation and Characterization of Acid-Activated Bentonite with Binary Acid Solution and Its Use in Decreasing Electrical Conductivity of Tap Water
The characteristics of acid-activated raw bentonite (RB) activated with binary acid solutions sulfuric acid + nitric acid, nitric acid + phosphoric acid, and phosphoric acid + sulfuric acid, at a concentration of 5 mol/L (denoted as 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS), were evaluated. Moreover, its application fo...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/8/815 |
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| author | Eri Nagahashi Fumihiko Ogata Chalermpong Saenjum Takehiro Nakamura Naohito Kawasaki |
| author_facet | Eri Nagahashi Fumihiko Ogata Chalermpong Saenjum Takehiro Nakamura Naohito Kawasaki |
| author_sort | Eri Nagahashi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The characteristics of acid-activated raw bentonite (RB) activated with binary acid solutions sulfuric acid + nitric acid, nitric acid + phosphoric acid, and phosphoric acid + sulfuric acid, at a concentration of 5 mol/L (denoted as 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS), were evaluated. Moreover, its application for improving the electrical conductivity in tap water was demonstrated. Acid activation induced the partial destruction of RB; subsequently, there was a significant release of sodium ions from the RB. In addition, the specific surface area and pore volume of 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS were higher than those of RB. Next, the electrical conductivity when using RB increased with adsorption treatment because sodium ions were released from the RB. However, the electrical conductivity significantly decreased with adsorption treatment when using acid-activated RB. Specifically, magnesium ions, calcium ions, and potassium ions were removed into 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS, and sodium ions were not released from the RB simultaneously. The removal percentage of the electrical conductivity using 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS was approximately 31% to 36%. The results indicated that employing acid-activated RB with a binary acid solution is a useful method for decreasing the electrical conductivity in tap water. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:34:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5af71d0cc7c5455792e189b2091b28a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:34:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-5af71d0cc7c5455792e189b2091b28a72023-11-22T08:49:20ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2021-07-0111881510.3390/min11080815Preparation and Characterization of Acid-Activated Bentonite with Binary Acid Solution and Its Use in Decreasing Electrical Conductivity of Tap WaterEri Nagahashi0Fumihiko Ogata1Chalermpong Saenjum2Takehiro Nakamura3Naohito Kawasaki4Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, JapanFaculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, JapanFaculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Suthep Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandFaculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, JapanFaculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, JapanThe characteristics of acid-activated raw bentonite (RB) activated with binary acid solutions sulfuric acid + nitric acid, nitric acid + phosphoric acid, and phosphoric acid + sulfuric acid, at a concentration of 5 mol/L (denoted as 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS), were evaluated. Moreover, its application for improving the electrical conductivity in tap water was demonstrated. Acid activation induced the partial destruction of RB; subsequently, there was a significant release of sodium ions from the RB. In addition, the specific surface area and pore volume of 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS were higher than those of RB. Next, the electrical conductivity when using RB increased with adsorption treatment because sodium ions were released from the RB. However, the electrical conductivity significantly decreased with adsorption treatment when using acid-activated RB. Specifically, magnesium ions, calcium ions, and potassium ions were removed into 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS, and sodium ions were not released from the RB simultaneously. The removal percentage of the electrical conductivity using 5-SN, 5-NP, and 5-PS was approximately 31% to 36%. The results indicated that employing acid-activated RB with a binary acid solution is a useful method for decreasing the electrical conductivity in tap water.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/8/815electrical conductivitybentoniteacid activation with a binary acid solution |
| spellingShingle | Eri Nagahashi Fumihiko Ogata Chalermpong Saenjum Takehiro Nakamura Naohito Kawasaki Preparation and Characterization of Acid-Activated Bentonite with Binary Acid Solution and Its Use in Decreasing Electrical Conductivity of Tap Water Minerals electrical conductivity bentonite acid activation with a binary acid solution |
| title | Preparation and Characterization of Acid-Activated Bentonite with Binary Acid Solution and Its Use in Decreasing Electrical Conductivity of Tap Water |
| title_full | Preparation and Characterization of Acid-Activated Bentonite with Binary Acid Solution and Its Use in Decreasing Electrical Conductivity of Tap Water |
| title_fullStr | Preparation and Characterization of Acid-Activated Bentonite with Binary Acid Solution and Its Use in Decreasing Electrical Conductivity of Tap Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and Characterization of Acid-Activated Bentonite with Binary Acid Solution and Its Use in Decreasing Electrical Conductivity of Tap Water |
| title_short | Preparation and Characterization of Acid-Activated Bentonite with Binary Acid Solution and Its Use in Decreasing Electrical Conductivity of Tap Water |
| title_sort | preparation and characterization of acid activated bentonite with binary acid solution and its use in decreasing electrical conductivity of tap water |
| topic | electrical conductivity bentonite acid activation with a binary acid solution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/8/815 |
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