Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran
The daily intake of trace elements through water resources and their adverse health effects is a critical issue. The purpose of this research was to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of exposure to iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and arse...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Water and Health |
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| Online Access: | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/21/4/501 |
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| author | Hadi Niknejad Alireza Ala Fatemeh Ahmadi Hamed Mahmoodi Reza Saeedi Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni Mehrnoosh Abtahi |
| author_facet | Hadi Niknejad Alireza Ala Fatemeh Ahmadi Hamed Mahmoodi Reza Saeedi Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni Mehrnoosh Abtahi |
| author_sort | Hadi Niknejad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The daily intake of trace elements through water resources and their adverse health effects is a critical issue. The purpose of this research was to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of exposure to iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran. The concentrations of the trace elements in a total number of 66 samples from the groundwater sources were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The hazard index (HI) levels of exposure to the trace elements from the groundwater sources for adults, teenagers, and children were 0.65, 0.83, and 1.08, respectively. The carcinogenic risk values of Cr and As in the groundwater sources for children, teenagers, and adults were 0.0001, 0.00009, 0.00007, 0.0003, 0.0002, and 0.0001, respectively, causing a total carcinogenic risk value higher than the acceptable range, and removing Cr and As from the groundwater resources is recommended for safe community water supply.
HIGHLIGHTS
The most important goals of the current research are to (1) determine the concentration of heavy metals in the drinking water and (2) assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals through water ingestion by adults, teenagers, and children in the study areas.;
Total carcinogenic risk value of the heavy metals in drinking water was higher than the acceptable range.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T13:36:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5af863dac68245acbfd35d718c1689d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1477-8920 1996-7829 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T13:36:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Water and Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-5af863dac68245acbfd35d718c1689d12023-05-09T07:57:16ZengIWA PublishingJournal of Water and Health1477-89201996-78292023-04-0121450151310.2166/wh.2023.308308Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of Sari city, IranHadi Niknejad0Alireza Ala1Fatemeh Ahmadi2Hamed Mahmoodi3Reza Saeedi4Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni5Mehrnoosh Abtahi6 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Sciences Research Center, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Information Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Department of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran The daily intake of trace elements through water resources and their adverse health effects is a critical issue. The purpose of this research was to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of exposure to iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran. The concentrations of the trace elements in a total number of 66 samples from the groundwater sources were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The hazard index (HI) levels of exposure to the trace elements from the groundwater sources for adults, teenagers, and children were 0.65, 0.83, and 1.08, respectively. The carcinogenic risk values of Cr and As in the groundwater sources for children, teenagers, and adults were 0.0001, 0.00009, 0.00007, 0.0003, 0.0002, and 0.0001, respectively, causing a total carcinogenic risk value higher than the acceptable range, and removing Cr and As from the groundwater resources is recommended for safe community water supply. HIGHLIGHTS The most important goals of the current research are to (1) determine the concentration of heavy metals in the drinking water and (2) assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals through water ingestion by adults, teenagers, and children in the study areas.; Total carcinogenic risk value of the heavy metals in drinking water was higher than the acceptable range.;http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/21/4/501drinking waterexposure assessmentheavy metalhuman health risksari |
| spellingShingle | Hadi Niknejad Alireza Ala Fatemeh Ahmadi Hamed Mahmoodi Reza Saeedi Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni Mehrnoosh Abtahi Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran Journal of Water and Health drinking water exposure assessment heavy metal human health risk sari |
| title | Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran |
| title_full | Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran |
| title_fullStr | Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran |
| title_short | Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran |
| title_sort | carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of sari city iran |
| topic | drinking water exposure assessment heavy metal human health risk sari |
| url | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/21/4/501 |
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