Effect of Acid/Ethanol Ratio on Medium Chain Carboxylate Production with Different VFAs as the Electron Acceptor: Insight into Carbon Balance and Microbial Community
Medium chain carboxylates (MCCs) are important precursors for biodiesel production. Using chain elongation to produce MCCs is an emerging bioenergy technology. In this study, batch tests were conducted to investigate fermentative MCC production through chain elongation from acetate, propionate, <...
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/19/3720 |
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| author | Shuai Bao Qingyan Wang Panyue Zhang Qi Zhang Yan Wu Fan Li Xue Tao Siqi Wang Mohammad Nabi Yazhou Zhou |
| author_facet | Shuai Bao Qingyan Wang Panyue Zhang Qi Zhang Yan Wu Fan Li Xue Tao Siqi Wang Mohammad Nabi Yazhou Zhou |
| author_sort | Shuai Bao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Medium chain carboxylates (MCCs) are important precursors for biodiesel production. Using chain elongation to produce MCCs is an emerging bioenergy technology. In this study, batch tests were conducted to investigate fermentative MCC production through chain elongation from acetate, propionate, <i>n</i>-butyrate, and ethanol. The effect of the acid/ethanol ratio on MCC production by mixed culture was investigated. Better MCC production, especially <i>n</i>-caproate production, was achieved at optimal acid/ethanol ratios of 1:4, 1:3, and 1:2 with acetate, propionate, and <i>n</i>-butyrate as the electron acceptor, respectively. The <i>n</i>-caproate concentration was high, up to 41.54 mmol/L, and the highest <i>n</i>-caproate production efficiency was 57.96% with the <i>n</i>-butyrate/ethanol ratio of 1:2. The higher concentration of ethanol might stimulate the growth of chain elongation bacteria to promote chain elongation. The highest MCC production efficiency with different electron acceptors corresponded to less carbon loss and a higher chain elongation degree. In addition, with the optimal acid/ethanol ratio, the substrate was maximally utilized for chain elongation. The microbial community analysis confirmed the carbon balance analysis with the maximum relative abundance of 52.66−60.55% of the <i>n</i>-caproate producer <i>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12</i> enriched by the optimal acid/ethanol ratios with different volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as electron acceptors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:47:46Z |
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| id | doaj.art-5afdb8a862604dc2b8312bb12d6a2045 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:47:46Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-5afdb8a862604dc2b8312bb12d6a20452022-12-22T04:01:21ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732019-09-011219372010.3390/en12193720en12193720Effect of Acid/Ethanol Ratio on Medium Chain Carboxylate Production with Different VFAs as the Electron Acceptor: Insight into Carbon Balance and Microbial CommunityShuai Bao0Qingyan Wang1Panyue Zhang2Qi Zhang3Yan Wu4Fan Li5Xue Tao6Siqi Wang7Mohammad Nabi8Yazhou Zhou9College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404632, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaMedium chain carboxylates (MCCs) are important precursors for biodiesel production. Using chain elongation to produce MCCs is an emerging bioenergy technology. In this study, batch tests were conducted to investigate fermentative MCC production through chain elongation from acetate, propionate, <i>n</i>-butyrate, and ethanol. The effect of the acid/ethanol ratio on MCC production by mixed culture was investigated. Better MCC production, especially <i>n</i>-caproate production, was achieved at optimal acid/ethanol ratios of 1:4, 1:3, and 1:2 with acetate, propionate, and <i>n</i>-butyrate as the electron acceptor, respectively. The <i>n</i>-caproate concentration was high, up to 41.54 mmol/L, and the highest <i>n</i>-caproate production efficiency was 57.96% with the <i>n</i>-butyrate/ethanol ratio of 1:2. The higher concentration of ethanol might stimulate the growth of chain elongation bacteria to promote chain elongation. The highest MCC production efficiency with different electron acceptors corresponded to less carbon loss and a higher chain elongation degree. In addition, with the optimal acid/ethanol ratio, the substrate was maximally utilized for chain elongation. The microbial community analysis confirmed the carbon balance analysis with the maximum relative abundance of 52.66−60.55% of the <i>n</i>-caproate producer <i>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12</i> enriched by the optimal acid/ethanol ratios with different volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as electron acceptors.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/19/3720chain elongationacid/ethanol ratioelectron acceptormcc productioncarbon balancemicrobial community |
| spellingShingle | Shuai Bao Qingyan Wang Panyue Zhang Qi Zhang Yan Wu Fan Li Xue Tao Siqi Wang Mohammad Nabi Yazhou Zhou Effect of Acid/Ethanol Ratio on Medium Chain Carboxylate Production with Different VFAs as the Electron Acceptor: Insight into Carbon Balance and Microbial Community Energies chain elongation acid/ethanol ratio electron acceptor mcc production carbon balance microbial community |
| title | Effect of Acid/Ethanol Ratio on Medium Chain Carboxylate Production with Different VFAs as the Electron Acceptor: Insight into Carbon Balance and Microbial Community |
| title_full | Effect of Acid/Ethanol Ratio on Medium Chain Carboxylate Production with Different VFAs as the Electron Acceptor: Insight into Carbon Balance and Microbial Community |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Acid/Ethanol Ratio on Medium Chain Carboxylate Production with Different VFAs as the Electron Acceptor: Insight into Carbon Balance and Microbial Community |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Acid/Ethanol Ratio on Medium Chain Carboxylate Production with Different VFAs as the Electron Acceptor: Insight into Carbon Balance and Microbial Community |
| title_short | Effect of Acid/Ethanol Ratio on Medium Chain Carboxylate Production with Different VFAs as the Electron Acceptor: Insight into Carbon Balance and Microbial Community |
| title_sort | effect of acid ethanol ratio on medium chain carboxylate production with different vfas as the electron acceptor insight into carbon balance and microbial community |
| topic | chain elongation acid/ethanol ratio electron acceptor mcc production carbon balance microbial community |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/19/3720 |
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