The evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for COVID-19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseases
Making the correct diagnosis of a patient seeking medical attention is the ultimate goal of a practicing physician, irrespective of whether the cause of the patient's condition is infectious or non-infectious. Antigen detection tests can be used to aid in the diagnosis of various infectious-rel...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118221001341 |
| _version_ | 1818741682943819776 |
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| author | Charles S. Pavia Maria M. Plummer |
| author_facet | Charles S. Pavia Maria M. Plummer |
| author_sort | Charles S. Pavia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Making the correct diagnosis of a patient seeking medical attention is the ultimate goal of a practicing physician, irrespective of whether the cause of the patient's condition is infectious or non-infectious. Antigen detection tests can be used to aid in the diagnosis of various infectious-related disorders including COVID-19 where it has become especially important due to the serious nature of this disease and its worldwide prevalence. These tests closely mimic one of the earliest prototypes – the urine pregnancy test – and as a result they have gained wide acceptance based on their overall simplicity, low cost and relative accuracy. In some situations, especially as a screening test, they can be used instead of the more technically demanding and complex molecular and serologic assays that are still useful and helpful under many different circumstances. Antigen detection systems are based on finding a particular immunogenic component, typically a protein or polysaccharide molecule, that is both unique and an integral part of the pathogen or other biological entity. Because these tests generally provide only qualitative results, they often need to be supplemented with other and sometimes more sophisticated laboratory-based diagnostic procedures to corroborate the initial test result. In this review, we first describe general background information on antigen-detection methods, including any unique aspects of their overall design, and then follow with an extensive description on the merits and limitations of these tests for detecting COVID-19 and, to a lesser extent, for other serious respiratory diseases caused by three common bacterial pathogens – Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T02:00:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5afe736ca0314a199af9b75e46ebb870 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1684-1182 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T02:00:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection |
| spelling | doaj.art-5afe736ca0314a199af9b75e46ebb8702022-12-21T21:24:46ZengElsevierJournal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection1684-11822021-10-01545776786The evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for COVID-19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseasesCharles S. Pavia0Maria M. Plummer1Corresponding author.; New York Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Clinical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Blvd., P.O. Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, United StatesNew York Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Clinical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Blvd., P.O. Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, United StatesMaking the correct diagnosis of a patient seeking medical attention is the ultimate goal of a practicing physician, irrespective of whether the cause of the patient's condition is infectious or non-infectious. Antigen detection tests can be used to aid in the diagnosis of various infectious-related disorders including COVID-19 where it has become especially important due to the serious nature of this disease and its worldwide prevalence. These tests closely mimic one of the earliest prototypes – the urine pregnancy test – and as a result they have gained wide acceptance based on their overall simplicity, low cost and relative accuracy. In some situations, especially as a screening test, they can be used instead of the more technically demanding and complex molecular and serologic assays that are still useful and helpful under many different circumstances. Antigen detection systems are based on finding a particular immunogenic component, typically a protein or polysaccharide molecule, that is both unique and an integral part of the pathogen or other biological entity. Because these tests generally provide only qualitative results, they often need to be supplemented with other and sometimes more sophisticated laboratory-based diagnostic procedures to corroborate the initial test result. In this review, we first describe general background information on antigen-detection methods, including any unique aspects of their overall design, and then follow with an extensive description on the merits and limitations of these tests for detecting COVID-19 and, to a lesser extent, for other serious respiratory diseases caused by three common bacterial pathogens – Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118221001341Antigen-detectionCOVID-19SARS-Cov-2Legionella pneumophilaStreptococcus pneumoniaeStreptococcus pyogenes |
| spellingShingle | Charles S. Pavia Maria M. Plummer The evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for COVID-19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseases Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection Antigen-detection COVID-19 SARS-Cov-2 Legionella pneumophila Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes |
| title | The evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for COVID-19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseases |
| title_full | The evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for COVID-19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseases |
| title_fullStr | The evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for COVID-19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | The evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for COVID-19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseases |
| title_short | The evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for COVID-19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseases |
| title_sort | evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for covid 19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseases |
| topic | Antigen-detection COVID-19 SARS-Cov-2 Legionella pneumophila Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118221001341 |
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