Inter-annual trends of ultrafine particles in urban Europe
Ultrafine particles (UFP, those with diameters ≤ 100 nm), have been reported to potentially penetrate deeply into the respiratory system, translocate through the alveoli, and affect various organs, potentially correlating with increased mortality. The aim of this study is to assess long-term trends...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024000965 |
| _version_ | 1827311202448965632 |
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| author | Meritxell Garcia-Marlès Rosa Lara Cristina Reche Noemí Pérez Aurelio Tobías Marjan Savadkoohi David Beddows Imre Salma Máté Vörösmarty Tamás Weidinger Christoph Hueglin Nikos Mihalopoulos Georgios Grivas Panayiotis Kalkavouras Jakub Ondráček Nadĕžda Zíková Jarkko V. Niemi Hanna E. Manninen David C. Green Anja H. Tremper Michael Norman Stergios Vratolis Konstantinos Eleftheriadis Francisco J. Gómez-Moreno Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco Alfred Wiedensohler Kay Weinhold Maik Merkel Susanne Bastian Barbara Hoffmann Hicran Altug Jean-Eudes Petit Olivier Favez Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos Jean-Philippe Putaud Adelaide Dinoi Daniele Contini Hilkka Timonen Janne Lampilahti Tuukka Petäjä Marco Pandolfi Philip K. Hopke Roy M. Harrison Andrés Alastuey Xavier Querol |
| author_facet | Meritxell Garcia-Marlès Rosa Lara Cristina Reche Noemí Pérez Aurelio Tobías Marjan Savadkoohi David Beddows Imre Salma Máté Vörösmarty Tamás Weidinger Christoph Hueglin Nikos Mihalopoulos Georgios Grivas Panayiotis Kalkavouras Jakub Ondráček Nadĕžda Zíková Jarkko V. Niemi Hanna E. Manninen David C. Green Anja H. Tremper Michael Norman Stergios Vratolis Konstantinos Eleftheriadis Francisco J. Gómez-Moreno Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco Alfred Wiedensohler Kay Weinhold Maik Merkel Susanne Bastian Barbara Hoffmann Hicran Altug Jean-Eudes Petit Olivier Favez Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos Jean-Philippe Putaud Adelaide Dinoi Daniele Contini Hilkka Timonen Janne Lampilahti Tuukka Petäjä Marco Pandolfi Philip K. Hopke Roy M. Harrison Andrés Alastuey Xavier Querol |
| author_sort | Meritxell Garcia-Marlès |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ultrafine particles (UFP, those with diameters ≤ 100 nm), have been reported to potentially penetrate deeply into the respiratory system, translocate through the alveoli, and affect various organs, potentially correlating with increased mortality. The aim of this study is to assess long-term trends (5–11 years) in mostly urban UFP concentrations based on measurements of particle number size distributions (PNSD). Additionally, concentrations of other pollutants and meteorological variables were evaluated to support the interpretations. PNSD datasets from 12 urban background (UB), 5 traffic (TR), 3 suburban background (SUB) and 1 regional background (RB) sites in 15 European cities and 1 in the USA were evaluated. The non-parametric Theil-Sen’s method was used to detect monotonic trends. Meta-analyses were carried out to assess the overall trends and those for different environments. The results showed significant decreases in NO, NO2, BC, CO, and particle concentrations in the Aitken (25–100 nm) and the Accumulation (100–800 nm) modes, suggesting a positive impact of the implementation of EURO 5/V and 6/VI vehicle standards on European air quality. The growing use of Diesel Particle Filters (DPFs) might also have clearly reduced exhaust emissions of BC, PM, and the Aitken and Accumulation mode particles. However, as reported by prior studies, there remains an issue of poor control of Nucleation mode particles (smaller than 25 nm), which are not fully reduced with current DPFs, without emission controls for semi-volatile organic compounds, and might have different origins than road traffic. Thus, contrasting trends for Nucleation mode particles were obtained across the cities studied. This mode also affected the UFP and total PNC trends because of the high proportion of Nucleation mode particles in both concentration ranges. It was also found that the urban temperature increasing trends might have also influenced those of PNC, Nucleation and Aitken modes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:14:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b0315b9012b45dfb57fa3d31aec4f92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:14:10Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b0315b9012b45dfb57fa3d31aec4f922024-03-23T06:22:05ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202024-03-01185108510Inter-annual trends of ultrafine particles in urban EuropeMeritxell Garcia-Marlès0Rosa Lara1Cristina Reche2Noemí Pérez3Aurelio Tobías4Marjan Savadkoohi5David Beddows6Imre Salma7Máté Vörösmarty8Tamás Weidinger9Christoph Hueglin10Nikos Mihalopoulos11Georgios Grivas12Panayiotis Kalkavouras13Jakub Ondráček14Nadĕžda Zíková15Jarkko V. Niemi16Hanna E. Manninen17David C. Green18Anja H. Tremper19Michael Norman20Stergios Vratolis21Konstantinos Eleftheriadis22Francisco J. Gómez-Moreno23Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco24Alfred Wiedensohler25Kay Weinhold26Maik Merkel27Susanne Bastian28Barbara Hoffmann29Hicran Altug30Jean-Eudes Petit31Olivier Favez32Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos33Jean-Philippe Putaud34Adelaide Dinoi35Daniele Contini36Hilkka Timonen37Janne Lampilahti38Tuukka Petäjä39Marco Pandolfi40Philip K. Hopke41Roy M. Harrison42Andrés Alastuey43Xavier Querol44Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Applied Physics-Meteorology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Corresponding authors at: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain (M. Garcia-Marlès).Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, SpainInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, SpainInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, SpainInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, SpainInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering (EMIT), Manresa School of Engineering (EPSEM), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Manresa 08242, SpainDivision of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United KingdomInstitute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryHevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Meteorology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryLaboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 8600 Duebendorf, SwitzerlandEnvironmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 11810 Athens, GreeceInstitute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 11810 Athens, GreeceInstitute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 11810 Athens, Greece; Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, GreeceLaboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 1, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 1, Prague, Czech RepublicHelsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), 00240 Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), 00240 Helsinki, FinlandMRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, United KingdomMRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, United KingdomEnvironment and Health Administration, SLB-analys, Box 8136, 104 20 Stockholm, SwedenENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, GreeceENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid 28040, SpainDepartment of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid 28040, SpainLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, GermanySaxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG), Dresden, GermanInstitute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, GermanyLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceInstitut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, FranceEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of National Research Council, ISAC-CNR, 73100 Lecce, ItalyInstitute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of National Research Council, ISAC-CNR, 73100 Lecce, ItalyFinnish Meteorological Institute, Atmospheric Composition Research, Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FinlandInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USADivision of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, SpainInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Corresponding authors at: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain (M. Garcia-Marlès).Ultrafine particles (UFP, those with diameters ≤ 100 nm), have been reported to potentially penetrate deeply into the respiratory system, translocate through the alveoli, and affect various organs, potentially correlating with increased mortality. The aim of this study is to assess long-term trends (5–11 years) in mostly urban UFP concentrations based on measurements of particle number size distributions (PNSD). Additionally, concentrations of other pollutants and meteorological variables were evaluated to support the interpretations. PNSD datasets from 12 urban background (UB), 5 traffic (TR), 3 suburban background (SUB) and 1 regional background (RB) sites in 15 European cities and 1 in the USA were evaluated. The non-parametric Theil-Sen’s method was used to detect monotonic trends. Meta-analyses were carried out to assess the overall trends and those for different environments. The results showed significant decreases in NO, NO2, BC, CO, and particle concentrations in the Aitken (25–100 nm) and the Accumulation (100–800 nm) modes, suggesting a positive impact of the implementation of EURO 5/V and 6/VI vehicle standards on European air quality. The growing use of Diesel Particle Filters (DPFs) might also have clearly reduced exhaust emissions of BC, PM, and the Aitken and Accumulation mode particles. However, as reported by prior studies, there remains an issue of poor control of Nucleation mode particles (smaller than 25 nm), which are not fully reduced with current DPFs, without emission controls for semi-volatile organic compounds, and might have different origins than road traffic. Thus, contrasting trends for Nucleation mode particles were obtained across the cities studied. This mode also affected the UFP and total PNC trends because of the high proportion of Nucleation mode particles in both concentration ranges. It was also found that the urban temperature increasing trends might have also influenced those of PNC, Nucleation and Aitken modes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024000965NanoparticlesParticle number concentrationsAir qualityAmbient air |
| spellingShingle | Meritxell Garcia-Marlès Rosa Lara Cristina Reche Noemí Pérez Aurelio Tobías Marjan Savadkoohi David Beddows Imre Salma Máté Vörösmarty Tamás Weidinger Christoph Hueglin Nikos Mihalopoulos Georgios Grivas Panayiotis Kalkavouras Jakub Ondráček Nadĕžda Zíková Jarkko V. Niemi Hanna E. Manninen David C. Green Anja H. Tremper Michael Norman Stergios Vratolis Konstantinos Eleftheriadis Francisco J. Gómez-Moreno Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco Alfred Wiedensohler Kay Weinhold Maik Merkel Susanne Bastian Barbara Hoffmann Hicran Altug Jean-Eudes Petit Olivier Favez Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos Jean-Philippe Putaud Adelaide Dinoi Daniele Contini Hilkka Timonen Janne Lampilahti Tuukka Petäjä Marco Pandolfi Philip K. Hopke Roy M. Harrison Andrés Alastuey Xavier Querol Inter-annual trends of ultrafine particles in urban Europe Environment International Nanoparticles Particle number concentrations Air quality Ambient air |
| title | Inter-annual trends of ultrafine particles in urban Europe |
| title_full | Inter-annual trends of ultrafine particles in urban Europe |
| title_fullStr | Inter-annual trends of ultrafine particles in urban Europe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inter-annual trends of ultrafine particles in urban Europe |
| title_short | Inter-annual trends of ultrafine particles in urban Europe |
| title_sort | inter annual trends of ultrafine particles in urban europe |
| topic | Nanoparticles Particle number concentrations Air quality Ambient air |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024000965 |
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