Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Whether the gut microbiome in obesity is characterized by lower diversity and altered composition at the phylum or genus level may be more accurately investigated using high-throughput sequencing technologies. We conducted a systematic review in PubMed and Embase including 32 cross-sectional studies...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/1/12 |
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| author | Mariona Pinart Andreas Dötsch Kristina Schlicht Matthias Laudes Jildau Bouwman Sofia K. Forslund Tobias Pischon Katharina Nimptsch |
| author_facet | Mariona Pinart Andreas Dötsch Kristina Schlicht Matthias Laudes Jildau Bouwman Sofia K. Forslund Tobias Pischon Katharina Nimptsch |
| author_sort | Mariona Pinart |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Whether the gut microbiome in obesity is characterized by lower diversity and altered composition at the phylum or genus level may be more accurately investigated using high-throughput sequencing technologies. We conducted a systematic review in PubMed and Embase including 32 cross-sectional studies assessing the gut microbiome composition by high-throughput sequencing in obese and non-obese adults. A significantly lower alpha diversity (Shannon index) in obese versus non-obese adults was observed in nine out of 22 studies, and meta-analysis of seven studies revealed a non-significant mean difference (−0.06, 95% CI −0.24, 0.12, <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 81%). At the phylum level, significantly more Firmicutes and fewer Bacteroidetes in obese versus non-obese adults were observed in six out of seventeen, and in four out of eighteen studies, respectively. Meta-analyses of six studies revealed significantly higher Firmicutes (5.50, 95% 0.27, 10.73, <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 81%) and non-significantly lower Bacteroidetes (−4.79, 95% CI −10.77, 1.20, <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 86%). At the genus level, lower relative proportions of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Eggerthella</i> and higher <i>Acidaminococcus</i>, <i>Anaerococcus</i>, <i>Catenibacterium</i>, <i>Dialister</i>, <i>Dorea</i>, <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>, <i>Eubacterium</i>, <i>Fusobacterium</i>, <i>Megasphera</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Roseburia</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Sutterella</i> were found in obese versus non-obese adults. Although a proportion of studies found lower diversity and differences in gut microbiome composition in obese versus non-obese adults, the observed heterogeneity across studies precludes clear answers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:27:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b04f833dc2847c7b8e1a0d1d6f40bb5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:27:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5b04f833dc2847c7b8e1a0d1d6f40bb52023-11-23T12:02:48ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-12-011411210.3390/nu14010012Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisMariona Pinart0Andreas Dötsch1Kristina Schlicht2Matthias Laudes3Jildau Bouwman4Sofia K. Forslund5Tobias Pischon6Katharina Nimptsch7Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI)—Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, GermanyInstitute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, GermanyMicrobiology and Systems Biology Group, Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNO), Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The NetherlandsExperimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, GermanyMolecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, GermanyMolecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, GermanyWhether the gut microbiome in obesity is characterized by lower diversity and altered composition at the phylum or genus level may be more accurately investigated using high-throughput sequencing technologies. We conducted a systematic review in PubMed and Embase including 32 cross-sectional studies assessing the gut microbiome composition by high-throughput sequencing in obese and non-obese adults. A significantly lower alpha diversity (Shannon index) in obese versus non-obese adults was observed in nine out of 22 studies, and meta-analysis of seven studies revealed a non-significant mean difference (−0.06, 95% CI −0.24, 0.12, <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 81%). At the phylum level, significantly more Firmicutes and fewer Bacteroidetes in obese versus non-obese adults were observed in six out of seventeen, and in four out of eighteen studies, respectively. Meta-analyses of six studies revealed significantly higher Firmicutes (5.50, 95% 0.27, 10.73, <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 81%) and non-significantly lower Bacteroidetes (−4.79, 95% CI −10.77, 1.20, <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 86%). At the genus level, lower relative proportions of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Eggerthella</i> and higher <i>Acidaminococcus</i>, <i>Anaerococcus</i>, <i>Catenibacterium</i>, <i>Dialister</i>, <i>Dorea</i>, <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>, <i>Eubacterium</i>, <i>Fusobacterium</i>, <i>Megasphera</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Roseburia</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Sutterella</i> were found in obese versus non-obese adults. Although a proportion of studies found lower diversity and differences in gut microbiome composition in obese versus non-obese adults, the observed heterogeneity across studies precludes clear answers.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/1/12gastrointestinal microbiomeadulthumansobesityBMI16S sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Mariona Pinart Andreas Dötsch Kristina Schlicht Matthias Laudes Jildau Bouwman Sofia K. Forslund Tobias Pischon Katharina Nimptsch Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Nutrients gastrointestinal microbiome adult humans obesity BMI 16S sequencing |
| title | Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Gut Microbiome Composition in Obese and Non-Obese Persons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | gut microbiome composition in obese and non obese persons a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | gastrointestinal microbiome adult humans obesity BMI 16S sequencing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/1/12 |
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