Morphology, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of all‐cellulose composite films from oil palm empty fruit bunch
Abstract Palm oil plantations are very important in that they supply vegetable oil globally. However, increased production of palm oil prompts the accumulation of large lignocelluloses residues in the form of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). This study explored the advantages of using OPEFB in th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-11-01
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| Series: | SPE Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/pls2.10008 |
| _version_ | 1811257933537738752 |
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| author | Nur Liyana Izyan Zailuddin Azlin Fazlina Osman Rozyanty Rahman |
| author_facet | Nur Liyana Izyan Zailuddin Azlin Fazlina Osman Rozyanty Rahman |
| author_sort | Nur Liyana Izyan Zailuddin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Palm oil plantations are very important in that they supply vegetable oil globally. However, increased production of palm oil prompts the accumulation of large lignocelluloses residues in the form of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). This study explored the advantages of using OPEFB in the production of all‐cellulose composite (ACC) films. The isolation process of the raw OPEFB fiber was carried out using a chemical process to extract OPEFB nanocellulose. ACC films from OPEFB and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were prepared using a dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and lithium chloride solvent system whereby the partially dissolved cellulose was transformed into the matrix phase surrounding the remaining nondissolved fiber. ACC films with 1% (wt/vol) OPEFB and 3% (wt/vol) MCC were prepared and the effects of chemical treatment of the OPEFB cellulose on the mechanical properties, crystalline structure, morphology, moisture absorption and soil biodegradability of the ACC film were investigated. The tensile strength of the ACC film was tremendously improved by chemical treatment. For instance, when acetic acid was used to treat the nanocellulose, the resultant film showed 279% increment in tensile strength value. However, formic acid‐treated films demonstrate greater moisture uptake and soil biodegradation rate. The findings could be related to the alterations of hydroxyl group composition in the nanocellulose and variation in dissolution rate of the nanocellulose during chemical treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:05:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b0f0f0f386544dc97a365c1618dd59e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2690-3857 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:05:09Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | SPE Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b0f0f0f386544dc97a365c1618dd59e2022-12-22T03:22:00ZengWileySPE Polymers2690-38572020-11-011141410.1002/pls2.10008Morphology, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of all‐cellulose composite films from oil palm empty fruit bunchNur Liyana Izyan Zailuddin0Azlin Fazlina Osman1Rozyanty Rahman2Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech) School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis Arau Perlis MalaysiaCenter of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech) School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis Arau Perlis MalaysiaCenter of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech) School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis Arau Perlis MalaysiaAbstract Palm oil plantations are very important in that they supply vegetable oil globally. However, increased production of palm oil prompts the accumulation of large lignocelluloses residues in the form of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). This study explored the advantages of using OPEFB in the production of all‐cellulose composite (ACC) films. The isolation process of the raw OPEFB fiber was carried out using a chemical process to extract OPEFB nanocellulose. ACC films from OPEFB and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were prepared using a dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and lithium chloride solvent system whereby the partially dissolved cellulose was transformed into the matrix phase surrounding the remaining nondissolved fiber. ACC films with 1% (wt/vol) OPEFB and 3% (wt/vol) MCC were prepared and the effects of chemical treatment of the OPEFB cellulose on the mechanical properties, crystalline structure, morphology, moisture absorption and soil biodegradability of the ACC film were investigated. The tensile strength of the ACC film was tremendously improved by chemical treatment. For instance, when acetic acid was used to treat the nanocellulose, the resultant film showed 279% increment in tensile strength value. However, formic acid‐treated films demonstrate greater moisture uptake and soil biodegradation rate. The findings could be related to the alterations of hydroxyl group composition in the nanocellulose and variation in dissolution rate of the nanocellulose during chemical treatment.https://doi.org/10.1002/pls2.10008all‐cellulose compositebiodegradabilityionic liquidnanocelluloseoil palm empty fruit bunch |
| spellingShingle | Nur Liyana Izyan Zailuddin Azlin Fazlina Osman Rozyanty Rahman Morphology, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of all‐cellulose composite films from oil palm empty fruit bunch SPE Polymers all‐cellulose composite biodegradability ionic liquid nanocellulose oil palm empty fruit bunch |
| title | Morphology, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of all‐cellulose composite films from oil palm empty fruit bunch |
| title_full | Morphology, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of all‐cellulose composite films from oil palm empty fruit bunch |
| title_fullStr | Morphology, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of all‐cellulose composite films from oil palm empty fruit bunch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphology, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of all‐cellulose composite films from oil palm empty fruit bunch |
| title_short | Morphology, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of all‐cellulose composite films from oil palm empty fruit bunch |
| title_sort | morphology mechanical properties and biodegradability of all cellulose composite films from oil palm empty fruit bunch |
| topic | all‐cellulose composite biodegradability ionic liquid nanocellulose oil palm empty fruit bunch |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/pls2.10008 |
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