A Systematic Review on the Improvement of Cd Stress Tolerance in Ramie Crop, Limitations and Future Prospective
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential, highly phytotoxic metal and damages ramie plant growth and development even at low concentrations. Ramie is one of the most significant crops in China, with excellent fiber quality and immense industrial importance. Planting Cd-tolerant ramie cultivars can prevent yi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/7/1793 |
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| author | Adnan Rasheed Hongdong Jie Pengliang He Xueying Lv Basharat Ali Yushen Ma Hucheng Xing Saad Almari Rehab O. Elnour Muhammad Umair Hassan Syed Faheem Anjum Gillani Yucheng Jie |
| author_facet | Adnan Rasheed Hongdong Jie Pengliang He Xueying Lv Basharat Ali Yushen Ma Hucheng Xing Saad Almari Rehab O. Elnour Muhammad Umair Hassan Syed Faheem Anjum Gillani Yucheng Jie |
| author_sort | Adnan Rasheed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential, highly phytotoxic metal and damages ramie plant growth and development even at low concentrations. Ramie is one of the most significant crops in China, with excellent fiber quality and immense industrial importance. Planting Cd-tolerant ramie cultivars can prevent yield loss on contaminated soil. Previously, significant efforts have been made to develop Cd tolerance in ramie. However, the Cd tolerance mechanism is still not fully understood; hence, breeding industrial crops is critical to tackling the ongoing challenges. Cd tolerance is a complex genetic mechanism requiring high-level molecular studies to clarify the genes network. Genetic studies have identified several Cd-tolerant genes in ramie, which led to the development of several ramie cultivars suitable to grow on toxic soils; however, due to the continuous rise in Cd toxicity, potent molecular tools are critical in modern-day breeding programs. Genetic engineering, and transcriptome analysis have been used to develop abiotic stress tolerance in ramie, but QTL mapping and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are rarely studied. However, studies are still limited in addressing this issue. This review critically elaborated on using QTL mapping, transcriptomes, transcription factors, CRISPR/Cas9, and genetic engineering to enhance Cd tolerance in ramie. These genes/QTL should be transferred or edited into sensitive cultivars using genetic engineering or CRISPR/Cas9. CRISPR/Cas9 is highly recommended because it provides targeted gene editing in ramie, its use is limited and can address the research gaps, and it would revolutionize the field of agriculture. Limitations, gaps, and future potential are briefly discussed. This review paper presents new clues to help future researchers comprehensively understand Cd tolerance in ramie and develop tolerant cultivars for industrial purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:23:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b16641295af4c9d99588779d62432b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:23:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b16641295af4c9d99588779d62432b62023-11-18T17:56:15ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-07-01137179310.3390/agronomy13071793A Systematic Review on the Improvement of Cd Stress Tolerance in Ramie Crop, Limitations and Future ProspectiveAdnan Rasheed0Hongdong Jie1Pengliang He2Xueying Lv3Basharat Ali4Yushen Ma5Hucheng Xing6Saad Almari7Rehab O. Elnour8Muhammad Umair Hassan9Syed Faheem Anjum Gillani10Yucheng Jie11College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 62400, PakistanCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaResearch Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaGansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaCadmium (Cd) is a non-essential, highly phytotoxic metal and damages ramie plant growth and development even at low concentrations. Ramie is one of the most significant crops in China, with excellent fiber quality and immense industrial importance. Planting Cd-tolerant ramie cultivars can prevent yield loss on contaminated soil. Previously, significant efforts have been made to develop Cd tolerance in ramie. However, the Cd tolerance mechanism is still not fully understood; hence, breeding industrial crops is critical to tackling the ongoing challenges. Cd tolerance is a complex genetic mechanism requiring high-level molecular studies to clarify the genes network. Genetic studies have identified several Cd-tolerant genes in ramie, which led to the development of several ramie cultivars suitable to grow on toxic soils; however, due to the continuous rise in Cd toxicity, potent molecular tools are critical in modern-day breeding programs. Genetic engineering, and transcriptome analysis have been used to develop abiotic stress tolerance in ramie, but QTL mapping and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are rarely studied. However, studies are still limited in addressing this issue. This review critically elaborated on using QTL mapping, transcriptomes, transcription factors, CRISPR/Cas9, and genetic engineering to enhance Cd tolerance in ramie. These genes/QTL should be transferred or edited into sensitive cultivars using genetic engineering or CRISPR/Cas9. CRISPR/Cas9 is highly recommended because it provides targeted gene editing in ramie, its use is limited and can address the research gaps, and it would revolutionize the field of agriculture. Limitations, gaps, and future potential are briefly discussed. This review paper presents new clues to help future researchers comprehensively understand Cd tolerance in ramie and develop tolerant cultivars for industrial purposes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/7/1793ramieCd stresstolerancegenesmarker-assisted selectionCRISPR/Cas9 |
| spellingShingle | Adnan Rasheed Hongdong Jie Pengliang He Xueying Lv Basharat Ali Yushen Ma Hucheng Xing Saad Almari Rehab O. Elnour Muhammad Umair Hassan Syed Faheem Anjum Gillani Yucheng Jie A Systematic Review on the Improvement of Cd Stress Tolerance in Ramie Crop, Limitations and Future Prospective Agronomy ramie Cd stress tolerance genes marker-assisted selection CRISPR/Cas9 |
| title | A Systematic Review on the Improvement of Cd Stress Tolerance in Ramie Crop, Limitations and Future Prospective |
| title_full | A Systematic Review on the Improvement of Cd Stress Tolerance in Ramie Crop, Limitations and Future Prospective |
| title_fullStr | A Systematic Review on the Improvement of Cd Stress Tolerance in Ramie Crop, Limitations and Future Prospective |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Systematic Review on the Improvement of Cd Stress Tolerance in Ramie Crop, Limitations and Future Prospective |
| title_short | A Systematic Review on the Improvement of Cd Stress Tolerance in Ramie Crop, Limitations and Future Prospective |
| title_sort | systematic review on the improvement of cd stress tolerance in ramie crop limitations and future prospective |
| topic | ramie Cd stress tolerance genes marker-assisted selection CRISPR/Cas9 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/7/1793 |
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