The Role of Fe, Zn, and Cu in Pregnancy
Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are microelements essential for the proper functioning of living organisms. These elements participatein many processes, including cellular metabolism and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses, and also influence enzyme activity, regulate gene expression, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/8/1176 |
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| author | Konrad Grzeszczak Sebastian Kwiatkowski Danuta Kosik-Bogacka |
| author_facet | Konrad Grzeszczak Sebastian Kwiatkowski Danuta Kosik-Bogacka |
| author_sort | Konrad Grzeszczak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are microelements essential for the proper functioning of living organisms. These elements participatein many processes, including cellular metabolism and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses, and also influence enzyme activity, regulate gene expression, and take part in protein synthesis. Fe, Cu, and Zn have a significant impact on the health of pregnant women and in the development of the fetus, as well as on the health of the newborn. A proper concentration of these elements in the body of women during pregnancy reduces the risk of complications such as anemia, induced hypertension, low birth weight, preeclampsia, and postnatal complications. The interactions between Fe, Cu, and Zn influence their availability due to their similar physicochemical properties. This most often occurs during intestinal absorption, where metal ions compete for binding sites with transport compounds. Additionally, the relationships between these ions have a great influence on the course of reactions in the tissues, as well as on their excretion, which can be stimulated or delayed. This review aims to summarize reports on the influence of Fe, Cu, and Zn on the course of single and multiple pregnancies, and to discuss the interdependencies and mechanisms occurring between Fe, Cu, and Zn. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:32:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b1c33b4af824e74ab134b34effad51d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:32:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b1c33b4af824e74ab134b34effad51d2023-11-20T09:58:31ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2020-08-01108117610.3390/biom10081176The Role of Fe, Zn, and Cu in PregnancyKonrad Grzeszczak0Sebastian Kwiatkowski1Danuta Kosik-Bogacka2Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandIndependent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandIron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are microelements essential for the proper functioning of living organisms. These elements participatein many processes, including cellular metabolism and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses, and also influence enzyme activity, regulate gene expression, and take part in protein synthesis. Fe, Cu, and Zn have a significant impact on the health of pregnant women and in the development of the fetus, as well as on the health of the newborn. A proper concentration of these elements in the body of women during pregnancy reduces the risk of complications such as anemia, induced hypertension, low birth weight, preeclampsia, and postnatal complications. The interactions between Fe, Cu, and Zn influence their availability due to their similar physicochemical properties. This most often occurs during intestinal absorption, where metal ions compete for binding sites with transport compounds. Additionally, the relationships between these ions have a great influence on the course of reactions in the tissues, as well as on their excretion, which can be stimulated or delayed. This review aims to summarize reports on the influence of Fe, Cu, and Zn on the course of single and multiple pregnancies, and to discuss the interdependencies and mechanisms occurring between Fe, Cu, and Zn.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/8/1176microelementsironcopperzincpregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Konrad Grzeszczak Sebastian Kwiatkowski Danuta Kosik-Bogacka The Role of Fe, Zn, and Cu in Pregnancy Biomolecules microelements iron copper zinc pregnancy |
| title | The Role of Fe, Zn, and Cu in Pregnancy |
| title_full | The Role of Fe, Zn, and Cu in Pregnancy |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Fe, Zn, and Cu in Pregnancy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Fe, Zn, and Cu in Pregnancy |
| title_short | The Role of Fe, Zn, and Cu in Pregnancy |
| title_sort | role of fe zn and cu in pregnancy |
| topic | microelements iron copper zinc pregnancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/8/1176 |
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