Removal of Aqueous Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Using a Compartmental Electro-Peroxone Process
The presence of emerging contaminant para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in the aquatic environment or drinking water has the potential to harm the aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this work, the removal of aqueous PABA by a compartmental electro-peroxone (E-peroxone) process was systematically inve...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/2961 |
| _version_ | 1797511712497205248 |
|---|---|
| author | Donghai Wu Yuexian Li Guanghua Lu Qiuhong Lin Lei Wei Pei Zhang |
| author_facet | Donghai Wu Yuexian Li Guanghua Lu Qiuhong Lin Lei Wei Pei Zhang |
| author_sort | Donghai Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The presence of emerging contaminant para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in the aquatic environment or drinking water has the potential to harm the aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this work, the removal of aqueous PABA by a compartmental electro-peroxone (E-peroxone) process was systematically investigated from the kinetic and mechanism viewpoints. The results suggest that single electrolysis or ozonation was inefficient in PABA elimination, and the combined E-peroxone yielded synergistic target pollutant degradation. Compared to the conventional E-peroxone oxidation, the sequential cathodic reactions, followed by anodic oxidations, improved the PABA removal efficiency from ~63.6% to ~89.5% at a 10-min treatment, and the corresponding pseudo first-order kinetic reaction rate constant increased from ~1.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to ~3.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. Moreover, the response surface methodology (RSM) analysis indicated that the appropriate increase of inlet ozone concentration, applied current density, initial solution pH value, and solution temperature could accelerate the PABA degradation, while the excess of these operational parameters would have a negative effect on the treatment efficiency. The comparation tests revealed that the coupling of electrolysis and ozonation could synergistically produce hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and the separation of cathodic reactions and anodic oxidations further promoted the HO• generation, which was responsible for the enhancement of PABA elimination in the compartmental E-peroxone process. These observations imply that the compartmental E-peroxone process has the potential for aqueous micropollutants elimination, and the reaction conditions that favor the reactive oxygen species generation are critical for the treatment efficiency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:49:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b27a68a6ecd4c5e9607c6cef8dd1c24 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:49:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b27a68a6ecd4c5e9607c6cef8dd1c242023-11-22T21:53:14ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-10-011321296110.3390/w13212961Removal of Aqueous Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Using a Compartmental Electro-Peroxone ProcessDonghai Wu0Yuexian Li1Guanghua Lu2Qiuhong Lin3Lei Wei4Pei Zhang5Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaHydrology and Water Resources Bureau of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450004, ChinaHydrology and Water Resources Bureau of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450004, ChinaThe presence of emerging contaminant para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in the aquatic environment or drinking water has the potential to harm the aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this work, the removal of aqueous PABA by a compartmental electro-peroxone (E-peroxone) process was systematically investigated from the kinetic and mechanism viewpoints. The results suggest that single electrolysis or ozonation was inefficient in PABA elimination, and the combined E-peroxone yielded synergistic target pollutant degradation. Compared to the conventional E-peroxone oxidation, the sequential cathodic reactions, followed by anodic oxidations, improved the PABA removal efficiency from ~63.6% to ~89.5% at a 10-min treatment, and the corresponding pseudo first-order kinetic reaction rate constant increased from ~1.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to ~3.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. Moreover, the response surface methodology (RSM) analysis indicated that the appropriate increase of inlet ozone concentration, applied current density, initial solution pH value, and solution temperature could accelerate the PABA degradation, while the excess of these operational parameters would have a negative effect on the treatment efficiency. The comparation tests revealed that the coupling of electrolysis and ozonation could synergistically produce hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and the separation of cathodic reactions and anodic oxidations further promoted the HO• generation, which was responsible for the enhancement of PABA elimination in the compartmental E-peroxone process. These observations imply that the compartmental E-peroxone process has the potential for aqueous micropollutants elimination, and the reaction conditions that favor the reactive oxygen species generation are critical for the treatment efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/2961electro-peroxonepara-aminobenzoic acidresponse surface methodologyhydroxyl radicalselimination |
| spellingShingle | Donghai Wu Yuexian Li Guanghua Lu Qiuhong Lin Lei Wei Pei Zhang Removal of Aqueous Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Using a Compartmental Electro-Peroxone Process Water electro-peroxone para-aminobenzoic acid response surface methodology hydroxyl radicals elimination |
| title | Removal of Aqueous Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Using a Compartmental Electro-Peroxone Process |
| title_full | Removal of Aqueous Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Using a Compartmental Electro-Peroxone Process |
| title_fullStr | Removal of Aqueous Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Using a Compartmental Electro-Peroxone Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of Aqueous Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Using a Compartmental Electro-Peroxone Process |
| title_short | Removal of Aqueous Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Using a Compartmental Electro-Peroxone Process |
| title_sort | removal of aqueous para aminobenzoic acid using a compartmental electro peroxone process |
| topic | electro-peroxone para-aminobenzoic acid response surface methodology hydroxyl radicals elimination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/2961 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT donghaiwu removalofaqueousparaaminobenzoicacidusingacompartmentalelectroperoxoneprocess AT yuexianli removalofaqueousparaaminobenzoicacidusingacompartmentalelectroperoxoneprocess AT guanghualu removalofaqueousparaaminobenzoicacidusingacompartmentalelectroperoxoneprocess AT qiuhonglin removalofaqueousparaaminobenzoicacidusingacompartmentalelectroperoxoneprocess AT leiwei removalofaqueousparaaminobenzoicacidusingacompartmentalelectroperoxoneprocess AT peizhang removalofaqueousparaaminobenzoicacidusingacompartmentalelectroperoxoneprocess |