The influence of tactical formation on physical and technical performance across playing positions in the Chinese super league
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the impact of tactical formations on the physical and technical performance of professional football players in the Chinese Super League (CSL). A sample of 800 games from the 2015–2021 CSL was analyzed, and players' physical (total distance covered, dist...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53113-0 |
| _version_ | 1797275069997645824 |
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| author | Wei Zhang Bo Gong Rancheng Tao Fei Zhou Miguel Ángel Gómez Ruano Changjing Zhou |
| author_facet | Wei Zhang Bo Gong Rancheng Tao Fei Zhou Miguel Ángel Gómez Ruano Changjing Zhou |
| author_sort | Wei Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study aimed to investigate the impact of tactical formations on the physical and technical performance of professional football players in the Chinese Super League (CSL). A sample of 800 games from the 2015–2021 CSL was analyzed, and players' physical (total distance covered, distance covered while ball in play, number of sprints, sprint distance, and high/middle/low-speed running) and technical (gain/loss of possession, ball retention percentage, challenges, challenge success percentage, passes, and pass success percentage) performance was assessed across six team formations: 3-5-2 (n = 137), 4-3-3 (n = 77), 4-2-3-1 (n = 391), 4-4-2 (n = 257), 3-4-3 (n = 41), and 4-1-4-1 (n = 107). Linear mixed models were used to assess variations in performance indicators across positions and formations. The results demonstrated that central defenders traveled significantly more total and low-speed running distances in the 3-5-2 formation than in the 4-2-3-1 formation (ES range: 0.33–0.34, p < 0.01). Fullbacks in the 3-5-2 formation demonstrated more high-speed running than did those in the 4-4-2 formation (ES = 0.27, p = 0.04). The central midfielders exhibited significantly more sprints and longer sprint distances in the 4-2-3-1 formation than in the 4-4-2 formation (ES range: 0.2–0.24, p < 0.01). Regarding technical performance, central defenders displayed significantly greater ball retention percentages, passes, and pass success rates in the 3-4-3 than in the 3-5-2 formations (ES range: 0.58–0.65, p < 0.01). Moreover, fullbacks and central midfielders executed markedly more passes with superior pass success rates in 4-back formations than in 3-5-2 formations (ES range: 0.2–0.53, p < 0.01). These findings can help coaches and academic staff understand the physical and technical requirements of various positions in various tactical formations, thus optimizing the training process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:08:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b32c14f13f840978b3cae816bbe607f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:08:08Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b32c14f13f840978b3cae816bbe607f2024-03-05T18:46:50ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-01-0114111010.1038/s41598-024-53113-0The influence of tactical formation on physical and technical performance across playing positions in the Chinese super leagueWei Zhang0Bo Gong1Rancheng Tao2Fei Zhou3Miguel Ángel Gómez Ruano4Changjing Zhou5School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of SportSchool of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of SportSchool of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of SportSchool of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of SportFacultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de MadridSchool of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of SportAbstract This study aimed to investigate the impact of tactical formations on the physical and technical performance of professional football players in the Chinese Super League (CSL). A sample of 800 games from the 2015–2021 CSL was analyzed, and players' physical (total distance covered, distance covered while ball in play, number of sprints, sprint distance, and high/middle/low-speed running) and technical (gain/loss of possession, ball retention percentage, challenges, challenge success percentage, passes, and pass success percentage) performance was assessed across six team formations: 3-5-2 (n = 137), 4-3-3 (n = 77), 4-2-3-1 (n = 391), 4-4-2 (n = 257), 3-4-3 (n = 41), and 4-1-4-1 (n = 107). Linear mixed models were used to assess variations in performance indicators across positions and formations. The results demonstrated that central defenders traveled significantly more total and low-speed running distances in the 3-5-2 formation than in the 4-2-3-1 formation (ES range: 0.33–0.34, p < 0.01). Fullbacks in the 3-5-2 formation demonstrated more high-speed running than did those in the 4-4-2 formation (ES = 0.27, p = 0.04). The central midfielders exhibited significantly more sprints and longer sprint distances in the 4-2-3-1 formation than in the 4-4-2 formation (ES range: 0.2–0.24, p < 0.01). Regarding technical performance, central defenders displayed significantly greater ball retention percentages, passes, and pass success rates in the 3-4-3 than in the 3-5-2 formations (ES range: 0.58–0.65, p < 0.01). Moreover, fullbacks and central midfielders executed markedly more passes with superior pass success rates in 4-back formations than in 3-5-2 formations (ES range: 0.2–0.53, p < 0.01). These findings can help coaches and academic staff understand the physical and technical requirements of various positions in various tactical formations, thus optimizing the training process.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53113-0 |
| spellingShingle | Wei Zhang Bo Gong Rancheng Tao Fei Zhou Miguel Ángel Gómez Ruano Changjing Zhou The influence of tactical formation on physical and technical performance across playing positions in the Chinese super league Scientific Reports |
| title | The influence of tactical formation on physical and technical performance across playing positions in the Chinese super league |
| title_full | The influence of tactical formation on physical and technical performance across playing positions in the Chinese super league |
| title_fullStr | The influence of tactical formation on physical and technical performance across playing positions in the Chinese super league |
| title_full_unstemmed | The influence of tactical formation on physical and technical performance across playing positions in the Chinese super league |
| title_short | The influence of tactical formation on physical and technical performance across playing positions in the Chinese super league |
| title_sort | influence of tactical formation on physical and technical performance across playing positions in the chinese super league |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53113-0 |
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