Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy
The measurement of ethanol and toxic alcohol (methanol and isopropanol) strengths in beverages and spirits is crucial for health reasons but also for the identification of adulterated products. Many methodologies have been reported in the literature, based mainly on chromatographic and on spectrosco...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/1/135 |
| _version_ | 1797445335585390592 |
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| author | Panagiota Papaspyridakou Panagiota Giannoutsou Malvina G. Orkoula |
| author_facet | Panagiota Papaspyridakou Panagiota Giannoutsou Malvina G. Orkoula |
| author_sort | Panagiota Papaspyridakou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The measurement of ethanol and toxic alcohol (methanol and isopropanol) strengths in beverages and spirits is crucial for health reasons but also for the identification of adulterated products. Many methodologies have been reported in the literature, based mainly on chromatographic and on spectroscopic techniques. Chromatographic techniques are laborious and time-consuming, while spectroscopic techniques are rapid and need no special sample pretreatment. All techniques were only applied to off-line or at-line manner. In the present work, Raman spectroscopy was used for fast and non-destructive measurements. A “through the container” method was developed for a non-invasive analysis, i.e., analysis without unsealing the bottles. This method, coupled with a miniature portable Raman, can serve for in-line measurements in a production line. The optimum laser focus for maximum spirit signal and minimum glass-wall signal was investigated. Calibration curves for the alcohols of interest were constructed and validated. The limits of detections were calculated and proved to be lower than the legitimate values. The influences of the liquor color and the bottle color, shape, and thickness were checked. Twenty-eight alcoholic products were studied. The concentrations found were compared against the nominal values (from the bottle labels). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:24:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b360d60984b4fc6bbe117ec8005085c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:24:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b360d60984b4fc6bbe117ec8005085c2023-11-30T21:26:00ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742023-01-0113113510.3390/bios13010135Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman SpectroscopyPanagiota Papaspyridakou0Panagiota Giannoutsou1Malvina G. Orkoula2Pharmaceutical Analysis Lab, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreecePharmaceutical Analysis Lab, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreecePharmaceutical Analysis Lab, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GreeceThe measurement of ethanol and toxic alcohol (methanol and isopropanol) strengths in beverages and spirits is crucial for health reasons but also for the identification of adulterated products. Many methodologies have been reported in the literature, based mainly on chromatographic and on spectroscopic techniques. Chromatographic techniques are laborious and time-consuming, while spectroscopic techniques are rapid and need no special sample pretreatment. All techniques were only applied to off-line or at-line manner. In the present work, Raman spectroscopy was used for fast and non-destructive measurements. A “through the container” method was developed for a non-invasive analysis, i.e., analysis without unsealing the bottles. This method, coupled with a miniature portable Raman, can serve for in-line measurements in a production line. The optimum laser focus for maximum spirit signal and minimum glass-wall signal was investigated. Calibration curves for the alcohols of interest were constructed and validated. The limits of detections were calculated and proved to be lower than the legitimate values. The influences of the liquor color and the bottle color, shape, and thickness were checked. Twenty-eight alcoholic products were studied. The concentrations found were compared against the nominal values (from the bottle labels).https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/1/135spiritsbeveragesalcoholtoxicityRamanportable |
| spellingShingle | Panagiota Papaspyridakou Panagiota Giannoutsou Malvina G. Orkoula Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy Biosensors spirits beverages alcohol toxicity Raman portable |
| title | Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_full | Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_short | Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_sort | non destructive and non invasive measurement of ethanol and toxic alcohol strengths in beverages and spirits using portable raman spectroscopy |
| topic | spirits beverages alcohol toxicity Raman portable |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/1/135 |
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