Identification and classification of honey's authenticity by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric method
Background and Aim: The authentication of honey is important to protect industry and consumers from such adulterated honey. However, until now, there has been no guarantee of honey's authenticity, especially in Indonesia. The classification of honey is based on the bee species (spp.) that produ...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Veterinary World
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.12/August-2019/19.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818777577524822016 |
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| author | Muhamad Sahlan Seffiani Karwita Misri Gozan Heri Hermansyah Masafumi Yohda Young Je Yoo Diah Kartika Pratami |
| author_facet | Muhamad Sahlan Seffiani Karwita Misri Gozan Heri Hermansyah Masafumi Yohda Young Je Yoo Diah Kartika Pratami |
| author_sort | Muhamad Sahlan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: The authentication of honey is important to protect industry and consumers from such adulterated honey. However, until now, there has been no guarantee of honey's authenticity, especially in Indonesia. The classification of honey is based on the bee species (spp.) that produces it. The study used honey from sting bee Apis spp. and stingless bee Tetragonula spp. based on the fact that the content off honey produced between them has differences. Authenticating honey with currently available rapid detection methods, such as 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, is costly. This study aimed to develop an inexpensive, fast, precise, and accurate classification method for authenticating honey.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we use attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with wavelengths ranging between 550 and 4000 cm-1 as an alternative analysis method, which is relatively less expensive. The spectra of authentic and fake honey samples were obtained using ATR-FTIR and plotted using chemometric discriminant analysis. The authentic honey samples were acquired from a local Indonesian breeder of honey bees, while the fake honey samples were made from a mixture of water, sugar, sodium bicarbonate, and authentic honey. Data were collected using Thermo Scientific's OMNIC FTIR software and processed using Thermo Scientific's TQ Analyst software.
Results: Our method effectively classified the honey as authentic or fraudulent based on the FTIR spectra. To authenticate the honey, we formed two classes: Real honey and fake honey. The wavelengths that can best differentiate between these two classes correspond to four regions: 1600-1700 cm-1; 1175-1540 cm-1; 940-1175 cm-1; and 700-940 cm-1. Similarly, for classification purpose, we formed two classes: Apis spp. and Tetragonula spp. The wavelength region that can best classify the samples as belonging to the Apis spp. or Tetragonula spp. class is explicitly within the range of 1600-1700 cm-1.
Conclusion: This study successfully demonstrated a method to rapidly and accurately classify and authenticate honey. ATR-FTIR is a useful tool to test the authenticity of honey. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T11:31:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b382ec915e148149804bbbf09eaa3cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T11:31:02Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b382ec915e148149804bbbf09eaa3cf2022-12-21T21:09:36ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162019-08-011281304131010.14202/vetworld.2019.1304-1310Identification and classification of honey's authenticity by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methodMuhamad Sahlan0Seffiani Karwita1Misri Gozan2Heri Hermansyah3Masafumi Yohda4Young Je Yoo 5Diah Kartika Pratami6Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia; Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia.Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia.Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia; Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia.Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia.Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia.Background and Aim: The authentication of honey is important to protect industry and consumers from such adulterated honey. However, until now, there has been no guarantee of honey's authenticity, especially in Indonesia. The classification of honey is based on the bee species (spp.) that produces it. The study used honey from sting bee Apis spp. and stingless bee Tetragonula spp. based on the fact that the content off honey produced between them has differences. Authenticating honey with currently available rapid detection methods, such as 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, is costly. This study aimed to develop an inexpensive, fast, precise, and accurate classification method for authenticating honey. Materials and Methods: In this study, we use attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with wavelengths ranging between 550 and 4000 cm-1 as an alternative analysis method, which is relatively less expensive. The spectra of authentic and fake honey samples were obtained using ATR-FTIR and plotted using chemometric discriminant analysis. The authentic honey samples were acquired from a local Indonesian breeder of honey bees, while the fake honey samples were made from a mixture of water, sugar, sodium bicarbonate, and authentic honey. Data were collected using Thermo Scientific's OMNIC FTIR software and processed using Thermo Scientific's TQ Analyst software. Results: Our method effectively classified the honey as authentic or fraudulent based on the FTIR spectra. To authenticate the honey, we formed two classes: Real honey and fake honey. The wavelengths that can best differentiate between these two classes correspond to four regions: 1600-1700 cm-1; 1175-1540 cm-1; 940-1175 cm-1; and 700-940 cm-1. Similarly, for classification purpose, we formed two classes: Apis spp. and Tetragonula spp. The wavelength region that can best classify the samples as belonging to the Apis spp. or Tetragonula spp. class is explicitly within the range of 1600-1700 cm-1. Conclusion: This study successfully demonstrated a method to rapidly and accurately classify and authenticate honey. ATR-FTIR is a useful tool to test the authenticity of honey.http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.12/August-2019/19.pdfApis spp.attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrareddiscriminantspectrumTetragonula spp. |
| spellingShingle | Muhamad Sahlan Seffiani Karwita Misri Gozan Heri Hermansyah Masafumi Yohda Young Je Yoo Diah Kartika Pratami Identification and classification of honey's authenticity by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric method Veterinary World Apis spp. attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared discriminant spectrum Tetragonula spp. |
| title | Identification and classification of honey's authenticity by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric method |
| title_full | Identification and classification of honey's authenticity by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric method |
| title_fullStr | Identification and classification of honey's authenticity by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and classification of honey's authenticity by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric method |
| title_short | Identification and classification of honey's authenticity by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric method |
| title_sort | identification and classification of honey s authenticity by attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric method |
| topic | Apis spp. attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared discriminant spectrum Tetragonula spp. |
| url | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.12/August-2019/19.pdf |
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