Annual Cost and Loss Minimization in a Radial Distribution Network by Capacitor Allocation Using PSO
Increasing power demand from passive distribution networks has led to deteriorated voltage profiles and increased line flows. This has increased the annual operations and installation costs due to unavoidable reinforcement equipment. This work proposes the reduction in annual costs by optimal placem...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| author | Muhammad Bilal Mohsin Shahzad Muhammad Arif Barkat Ullah Suhaila Badarol Hisham Syed Saad Azhar Ali |
| author_facet | Muhammad Bilal Mohsin Shahzad Muhammad Arif Barkat Ullah Suhaila Badarol Hisham Syed Saad Azhar Ali |
| author_sort | Muhammad Bilal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increasing power demand from passive distribution networks has led to deteriorated voltage profiles and increased line flows. This has increased the annual operations and installation costs due to unavoidable reinforcement equipment. This work proposes the reduction in annual costs by optimal placement of capacitors used to alleviate power loss in radial distribution networks (RDNs). The optimization objective function is formulated for the reduction in operation costs by (i) reducing the active and reactive power losses, and (ii) the cost and installation of capacitors, necessary to provide the reactive power support and maintain the voltage profile. Initially, the network buses are ranked according to two loss sensitivity indices (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), i.e., active loss sensitivity with respect to node voltage (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>S</mi><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and reactive power injection (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>S</mi><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The sorted bus list is then fed to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) for solving the objective function. The efficacy of the proposed work is tested on different IEEE standard networks (34 and 85 nodes) for different use cases and load conditions. In use case 1, the values finalized by the algorithm are selected without considering their market availability, whereas in use case 2, market-available capacitor sizes close to the optimal solution are selected. Furthermore, the static and seasonal load profiles are considered. The results are compared with recent methods and have shown significant improvement in terms of annual cost, losses and line flows reduction, and voltage profile. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5b4dabf2669d4c5cb2ae16d24f093a782023-11-23T03:39:10ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-12-0111241184010.3390/app112411840Annual Cost and Loss Minimization in a Radial Distribution Network by Capacitor Allocation Using PSOMuhammad Bilal0Mohsin Shahzad1Muhammad Arif2Barkat Ullah3Suhaila Badarol Hisham4Syed Saad Azhar Ali5Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 47040, PakistanCentre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaCentre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaIncreasing power demand from passive distribution networks has led to deteriorated voltage profiles and increased line flows. This has increased the annual operations and installation costs due to unavoidable reinforcement equipment. This work proposes the reduction in annual costs by optimal placement of capacitors used to alleviate power loss in radial distribution networks (RDNs). The optimization objective function is formulated for the reduction in operation costs by (i) reducing the active and reactive power losses, and (ii) the cost and installation of capacitors, necessary to provide the reactive power support and maintain the voltage profile. Initially, the network buses are ranked according to two loss sensitivity indices (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), i.e., active loss sensitivity with respect to node voltage (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>S</mi><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and reactive power injection (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>S</mi><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The sorted bus list is then fed to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) for solving the objective function. The efficacy of the proposed work is tested on different IEEE standard networks (34 and 85 nodes) for different use cases and load conditions. In use case 1, the values finalized by the algorithm are selected without considering their market availability, whereas in use case 2, market-available capacitor sizes close to the optimal solution are selected. Furthermore, the static and seasonal load profiles are considered. The results are compared with recent methods and have shown significant improvement in terms of annual cost, losses and line flows reduction, and voltage profile.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/24/11840costsload flow controloptimization methodsparticle swarm optimizationpower distributionpower system management |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Bilal Mohsin Shahzad Muhammad Arif Barkat Ullah Suhaila Badarol Hisham Syed Saad Azhar Ali Annual Cost and Loss Minimization in a Radial Distribution Network by Capacitor Allocation Using PSO Applied Sciences costs load flow control optimization methods particle swarm optimization power distribution power system management |
| title | Annual Cost and Loss Minimization in a Radial Distribution Network by Capacitor Allocation Using PSO |
| title_full | Annual Cost and Loss Minimization in a Radial Distribution Network by Capacitor Allocation Using PSO |
| title_fullStr | Annual Cost and Loss Minimization in a Radial Distribution Network by Capacitor Allocation Using PSO |
| title_full_unstemmed | Annual Cost and Loss Minimization in a Radial Distribution Network by Capacitor Allocation Using PSO |
| title_short | Annual Cost and Loss Minimization in a Radial Distribution Network by Capacitor Allocation Using PSO |
| title_sort | annual cost and loss minimization in a radial distribution network by capacitor allocation using pso |
| topic | costs load flow control optimization methods particle swarm optimization power distribution power system management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/24/11840 |
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