Characterization of the MADS-Box Gene <i>CmFL3</i> in chrysanthemum
<i>Chrysanthemum</i><i>morifolium</i> is one of the four major cut flowers in the world, with high ornamental and economic value. Flowering time is an important ornamental characteristic of chrysanthemum that affects its value in the market. In Arabidopsis, the <i>FRUIT...
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2022-07-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/7/1716 |
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| author | Kunkun Zhao Song Li Diwen Jia Xiaojuan Xing Haibin Wang Aiping Song Jiafu Jiang Sumei Chen Fadi Chen Lian Ding |
| author_facet | Kunkun Zhao Song Li Diwen Jia Xiaojuan Xing Haibin Wang Aiping Song Jiafu Jiang Sumei Chen Fadi Chen Lian Ding |
| author_sort | Kunkun Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Chrysanthemum</i><i>morifolium</i> is one of the four major cut flowers in the world, with high ornamental and economic value. Flowering time is an important ornamental characteristic of chrysanthemum that affects its value in the market. In Arabidopsis, the <i>FRUITFULL</i> (<i>FUL</i>) gene plays a key role in inducing flowering. Here, we isolated an <i>FUL</i> clade MADS-box gene, <i>CmFL3</i>, from chrysanthemum inflorescence buds. CmFL3 localized in the cellular membrane and nucleus, and showed no transcriptional activity in yeast. The qRT-PCR assay showed that <i>CmFL3</i> was strongly expressed in the leaves, receptacles, and disc floret petals. Furthermore, <i>CmFL3</i> was mainly detected in the inflorescence meristem and bract primordia using in situ hybridization. Similar to Arabidopsis, overexpression of <i>CmFL3</i> in chrysanthemum induced early flowering. Particularly, the expression level of <i>CmAFT</i> was downregulated, whereas that of <i>CmFTL3</i> was upregulated in the leaves of transgenic chrysanthemum lines. Meanwhile, the overexpression of <i>CmFL3</i> in Arabidopsis also led to earlier flowering. Furthermore, the expression of <i>AtFT</i>, <i>AtAP1</i>, <i>AtLFY</i>, and <i>AtFUL</i> was significantly increased in <i>CmFL3</i> transgenic Arabidopsis. The present study verified the function of <i>CmFL3</i> in regulating flowering time and further revealed that it could affect the expression of other flowering-related genes—<i>CmAFT</i> and <i>CmFTL3</i>. Therefore, the <i>CmFL3</i> gene may be an important candidate for genetic breeding aimed at regulating flowering. |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:21:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b60a9e645994e298267604859831f652023-11-30T22:39:28ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-07-01127171610.3390/agronomy12071716Characterization of the MADS-Box Gene <i>CmFL3</i> in chrysanthemumKunkun Zhao0Song Li1Diwen Jia2Xiaojuan Xing3Haibin Wang4Aiping Song5Jiafu Jiang6Sumei Chen7Fadi Chen8Lian Ding9State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing 210095, China<i>Chrysanthemum</i><i>morifolium</i> is one of the four major cut flowers in the world, with high ornamental and economic value. Flowering time is an important ornamental characteristic of chrysanthemum that affects its value in the market. In Arabidopsis, the <i>FRUITFULL</i> (<i>FUL</i>) gene plays a key role in inducing flowering. Here, we isolated an <i>FUL</i> clade MADS-box gene, <i>CmFL3</i>, from chrysanthemum inflorescence buds. CmFL3 localized in the cellular membrane and nucleus, and showed no transcriptional activity in yeast. The qRT-PCR assay showed that <i>CmFL3</i> was strongly expressed in the leaves, receptacles, and disc floret petals. Furthermore, <i>CmFL3</i> was mainly detected in the inflorescence meristem and bract primordia using in situ hybridization. Similar to Arabidopsis, overexpression of <i>CmFL3</i> in chrysanthemum induced early flowering. Particularly, the expression level of <i>CmAFT</i> was downregulated, whereas that of <i>CmFTL3</i> was upregulated in the leaves of transgenic chrysanthemum lines. Meanwhile, the overexpression of <i>CmFL3</i> in Arabidopsis also led to earlier flowering. Furthermore, the expression of <i>AtFT</i>, <i>AtAP1</i>, <i>AtLFY</i>, and <i>AtFUL</i> was significantly increased in <i>CmFL3</i> transgenic Arabidopsis. The present study verified the function of <i>CmFL3</i> in regulating flowering time and further revealed that it could affect the expression of other flowering-related genes—<i>CmAFT</i> and <i>CmFTL3</i>. Therefore, the <i>CmFL3</i> gene may be an important candidate for genetic breeding aimed at regulating flowering.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/7/1716<i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i>MADS-box<i>AP1/FUL</i>-like genesflowering time<i>CmFTL3</i><i>CmAFT</i> |
| spellingShingle | Kunkun Zhao Song Li Diwen Jia Xiaojuan Xing Haibin Wang Aiping Song Jiafu Jiang Sumei Chen Fadi Chen Lian Ding Characterization of the MADS-Box Gene <i>CmFL3</i> in chrysanthemum Agronomy <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> MADS-box <i>AP1/FUL</i>-like genes flowering time <i>CmFTL3</i> <i>CmAFT</i> |
| title | Characterization of the MADS-Box Gene <i>CmFL3</i> in chrysanthemum |
| title_full | Characterization of the MADS-Box Gene <i>CmFL3</i> in chrysanthemum |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of the MADS-Box Gene <i>CmFL3</i> in chrysanthemum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of the MADS-Box Gene <i>CmFL3</i> in chrysanthemum |
| title_short | Characterization of the MADS-Box Gene <i>CmFL3</i> in chrysanthemum |
| title_sort | characterization of the mads box gene i cmfl3 i in chrysanthemum |
| topic | <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> MADS-box <i>AP1/FUL</i>-like genes flowering time <i>CmFTL3</i> <i>CmAFT</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/7/1716 |
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