Deformation structural style of the rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt, western greater caucasus: Insight from the balanced cross-section
The Rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt is part of the Greater Caucasus pro-wedge and is one of the most important examples of the collision-driven far-field deformation of the Arabia-Eurasia convergence zone. Here we show the deformation structural style of the Rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt b...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.968386/full |
| _version_ | 1797997262328037376 |
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| author | Victor Alania George Melikadze Paolo Pace Paolo Pace István Fórizs István Fórizs Tamar Beridze Onise Enukidze Anzor Giorgadze Alexander Razmadze |
| author_facet | Victor Alania George Melikadze Paolo Pace Paolo Pace István Fórizs István Fórizs Tamar Beridze Onise Enukidze Anzor Giorgadze Alexander Razmadze |
| author_sort | Victor Alania |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt is part of the Greater Caucasus pro-wedge and is one of the most important examples of the collision-driven far-field deformation of the Arabia-Eurasia convergence zone. Here we show the deformation structural style of the Rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt based on seismic reflection profiles and regional balanced cross-section. The main style of deformation within the Rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt is represented by a set of fault-propagation folds, duplexes, and triangle zone. The regional balanced cross-section shows that fault-propagation folds above the upper detachment level can develop by piggyback and break-back thrust sequences. Formation of fault-bend fold duplex structures above the lower detachment is related to piggyback thrust sequences. A balanced section restoration of compressional structures across the Rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt provides a minimum estimate of shortening of −40%, equivalent −42.78 km. The synclines within the Rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt are filled by the Middle Miocene-Pleistocene shallow marine and continental syn-tectonic sediments, forming a series of typical thrust-top basins. Fault-propagation folds and duplex structures formed the main structure of the thrust-top basin. The evolution of the thrust-top basins was mainly controlled by the kinematics of thrust sequences. Using end-member modes of thrust sequences, the thrust-top basins are divided into: 1) Type I-piggyback basin, 2) Type II-break-back basin, and 3) Type III—formation of thrust-top basin characterized by bi-vergent geometry and related to combined, piggyback and piggyback back thrust sequences. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:30:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b6a930902df4e888c88b1caab6a8f37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:30:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b6a930902df4e888c88b1caab6a8f372022-12-22T04:29:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632022-10-011010.3389/feart.2022.968386968386Deformation structural style of the rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt, western greater caucasus: Insight from the balanced cross-sectionVictor Alania0George Melikadze1Paolo Pace2Paolo Pace3István Fórizs4István Fórizs5Tamar Beridze6Onise Enukidze7Anzor Giorgadze8Alexander Razmadze9Institute of Geophysics, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GeorgiaInstitute of Geophysics, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GeorgiaDepartment of Engineering and Geology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, ItalyPACE Geoscience, Chieti, ItalyInstitute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, ELKH, Budapest, HungaryCSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, HungaryA. Janelidze Institute of Geology, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GeorgiaInstitute of Geophysics, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GeorgiaFaculty of Mining and Geology, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, GeorgiaInstitute of Geophysics, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GeorgiaThe Rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt is part of the Greater Caucasus pro-wedge and is one of the most important examples of the collision-driven far-field deformation of the Arabia-Eurasia convergence zone. Here we show the deformation structural style of the Rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt based on seismic reflection profiles and regional balanced cross-section. The main style of deformation within the Rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt is represented by a set of fault-propagation folds, duplexes, and triangle zone. The regional balanced cross-section shows that fault-propagation folds above the upper detachment level can develop by piggyback and break-back thrust sequences. Formation of fault-bend fold duplex structures above the lower detachment is related to piggyback thrust sequences. A balanced section restoration of compressional structures across the Rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt provides a minimum estimate of shortening of −40%, equivalent −42.78 km. The synclines within the Rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt are filled by the Middle Miocene-Pleistocene shallow marine and continental syn-tectonic sediments, forming a series of typical thrust-top basins. Fault-propagation folds and duplex structures formed the main structure of the thrust-top basin. The evolution of the thrust-top basins was mainly controlled by the kinematics of thrust sequences. Using end-member modes of thrust sequences, the thrust-top basins are divided into: 1) Type I-piggyback basin, 2) Type II-break-back basin, and 3) Type III—formation of thrust-top basin characterized by bi-vergent geometry and related to combined, piggyback and piggyback back thrust sequences.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.968386/fullGreater Caucasus orogenrioni foreland fold-and-thrust beltseismic reflection profilebalanced and reconstructed cross-sectionsfault-propagation foldduplex |
| spellingShingle | Victor Alania George Melikadze Paolo Pace Paolo Pace István Fórizs István Fórizs Tamar Beridze Onise Enukidze Anzor Giorgadze Alexander Razmadze Deformation structural style of the rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt, western greater caucasus: Insight from the balanced cross-section Frontiers in Earth Science Greater Caucasus orogen rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt seismic reflection profile balanced and reconstructed cross-sections fault-propagation fold duplex |
| title | Deformation structural style of the rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt, western greater caucasus: Insight from the balanced cross-section |
| title_full | Deformation structural style of the rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt, western greater caucasus: Insight from the balanced cross-section |
| title_fullStr | Deformation structural style of the rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt, western greater caucasus: Insight from the balanced cross-section |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deformation structural style of the rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt, western greater caucasus: Insight from the balanced cross-section |
| title_short | Deformation structural style of the rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt, western greater caucasus: Insight from the balanced cross-section |
| title_sort | deformation structural style of the rioni foreland fold and thrust belt western greater caucasus insight from the balanced cross section |
| topic | Greater Caucasus orogen rioni foreland fold-and-thrust belt seismic reflection profile balanced and reconstructed cross-sections fault-propagation fold duplex |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.968386/full |
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