Physical, psychological, and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in countries with different economic statuses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted children and adolescents’ physical activity (PA), sleeping patterns, and psychological and behavioral health. Yet, little is known about the differences between those in countries with various economic statuses.MethodsArticles published from database in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2023.1181186/full |
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| author | Bo Peng Bo Peng Kara K. L. Reeves Kara K. L. Reeves Shara W. Y. Lee Tina H. Y. Chung Heidi W. L. Hui Alfred H. L. Leung Johnson C. Y. Pang Johnson C. Y. Pang |
| author_facet | Bo Peng Bo Peng Kara K. L. Reeves Kara K. L. Reeves Shara W. Y. Lee Tina H. Y. Chung Heidi W. L. Hui Alfred H. L. Leung Johnson C. Y. Pang Johnson C. Y. Pang |
| author_sort | Bo Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted children and adolescents’ physical activity (PA), sleeping patterns, and psychological and behavioral health. Yet, little is known about the differences between those in countries with various economic statuses.MethodsArticles published from database inception through 16 March 2022 were retrieved using CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and PsycINFO. High-quality studies that reported the number of participants with parameters associated with PA, sleeping patterns, and psychological and behavioral problems in young people aged under 18 years during the pandemic were included. We referenced the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for PA and sleep duration to provide the event rate for young people who were not compliant with the guidelines. The event rate of young people who had decreased sleep quality and experienced psychological and behavioral problems were also investigated. A subgroup analysis was conducted to identify the differences in those in countries with diverse economic statuses. Funnel plot analysis and Egger's test were also conducted to identify any risk of publication bias.ResultA total of 66 studies with 1,371,168 participants aged between 0 and 18 years, involving 27 countries, were included. During the pandemic, we identified that 41% (95% CI: 39%, 43%; I2 = 96.62) and 43% (95% CI: 34%, 52%; I2 = 99.42) of young people did not meet the PA and sleep duration recommendation guidelines. In addition, 31% (95% CI: 28%, 35%; I2 = 99.66) of young people had decreased their sleep quality. Yet, no significant difference was found across countries with different economic statuses. However, the event rates of participants with psychological and behavioral problems were 32% (95% CI: 28%, 36%; I2 = 99.85) and 19% (95% CI: 14%, 25%; I2 = 99.72), respectively. In addition, the rate of psychological problems was more severe in those who live in lower middle-income countries (p < 0.001), while the rate of behavioral problems was more severe in those who live in high-income countries (p = 0.001).DiscussionDuring the pandemic, the discouragement of PA, poor sleep quality, and high risk of psychological and behavioral problems are concerning. A large number of young people did not comply with the recommendation guidelines. Timely implementation of recovery plans is critical to address the adverse effects on young people.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=309209, identifier CRD42022309209. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:15:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b8423a5d22c43adac5bfc418bf47191 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:15:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b8423a5d22c43adac5bfc418bf471912023-06-05T05:23:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602023-06-011110.3389/fped.2023.11811861181186Physical, psychological, and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in countries with different economic statuses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysisBo Peng0Bo Peng1Kara K. L. Reeves2Kara K. L. Reeves3Shara W. Y. Lee4Tina H. Y. Chung5Heidi W. L. Hui6Alfred H. L. Leung7Johnson C. Y. Pang8Johnson C. Y. Pang9School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaResearch Rehab Centre Limited, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaSchool of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaSchool of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaSchool of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaSchool of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaResearch Rehab Centre Limited, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaIntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted children and adolescents’ physical activity (PA), sleeping patterns, and psychological and behavioral health. Yet, little is known about the differences between those in countries with various economic statuses.MethodsArticles published from database inception through 16 March 2022 were retrieved using CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and PsycINFO. High-quality studies that reported the number of participants with parameters associated with PA, sleeping patterns, and psychological and behavioral problems in young people aged under 18 years during the pandemic were included. We referenced the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for PA and sleep duration to provide the event rate for young people who were not compliant with the guidelines. The event rate of young people who had decreased sleep quality and experienced psychological and behavioral problems were also investigated. A subgroup analysis was conducted to identify the differences in those in countries with diverse economic statuses. Funnel plot analysis and Egger's test were also conducted to identify any risk of publication bias.ResultA total of 66 studies with 1,371,168 participants aged between 0 and 18 years, involving 27 countries, were included. During the pandemic, we identified that 41% (95% CI: 39%, 43%; I2 = 96.62) and 43% (95% CI: 34%, 52%; I2 = 99.42) of young people did not meet the PA and sleep duration recommendation guidelines. In addition, 31% (95% CI: 28%, 35%; I2 = 99.66) of young people had decreased their sleep quality. Yet, no significant difference was found across countries with different economic statuses. However, the event rates of participants with psychological and behavioral problems were 32% (95% CI: 28%, 36%; I2 = 99.85) and 19% (95% CI: 14%, 25%; I2 = 99.72), respectively. In addition, the rate of psychological problems was more severe in those who live in lower middle-income countries (p < 0.001), while the rate of behavioral problems was more severe in those who live in high-income countries (p = 0.001).DiscussionDuring the pandemic, the discouragement of PA, poor sleep quality, and high risk of psychological and behavioral problems are concerning. A large number of young people did not comply with the recommendation guidelines. Timely implementation of recovery plans is critical to address the adverse effects on young people.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=309209, identifier CRD42022309209.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2023.1181186/fullCOVID-19psychological problemsbehavioral problemsphysical activitysleep problemschildren and adolescents |
| spellingShingle | Bo Peng Bo Peng Kara K. L. Reeves Kara K. L. Reeves Shara W. Y. Lee Tina H. Y. Chung Heidi W. L. Hui Alfred H. L. Leung Johnson C. Y. Pang Johnson C. Y. Pang Physical, psychological, and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in countries with different economic statuses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis Frontiers in Pediatrics COVID-19 psychological problems behavioral problems physical activity sleep problems children and adolescents |
| title | Physical, psychological, and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in countries with different economic statuses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Physical, psychological, and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in countries with different economic statuses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Physical, psychological, and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in countries with different economic statuses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physical, psychological, and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in countries with different economic statuses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Physical, psychological, and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in countries with different economic statuses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | physical psychological and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in countries with different economic statuses during the covid 19 pandemic a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | COVID-19 psychological problems behavioral problems physical activity sleep problems children and adolescents |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2023.1181186/full |
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