Role of Matrix Gla Protein in the Complex Network of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is widely recognized as one of the most important clinical entities. In recent years, a large body of accumulated data suggest that coronary artery calcification, a process highly prevalent in patients with CAD, occurs via well-organized biologic processes, rather than...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/8/737 |
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| author | Marko Kumric Josip A. Borovac Tina Ticinovic Kurir Dinko Martinovic Ivan Frka Separovic Ljupka Baric Josko Bozic |
| author_facet | Marko Kumric Josip A. Borovac Tina Ticinovic Kurir Dinko Martinovic Ivan Frka Separovic Ljupka Baric Josko Bozic |
| author_sort | Marko Kumric |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronary artery disease (CAD) is widely recognized as one of the most important clinical entities. In recent years, a large body of accumulated data suggest that coronary artery calcification, a process highly prevalent in patients with CAD, occurs via well-organized biologic processes, rather than passively, as previously regarded. Matrix Gla protein (MGP), a vitamin K-dependent protein, emerged as an important inhibitor of both intimal and medial vascular calcification. The functionality of MGP hinges on two post-translational modifications: phosphorylation and carboxylation. Depending on the above-noted modifications, various species of MGP may exist in circulation, each with their respective level of functionality. Emerging data suggest that dysfunctional species of MGP, markedly, dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated MGP, might find its application as biomarkers of microvascular health, and assist in clinical decision making with regard to initiation of vitamin K supplementation. Hence, in this review we summarized the current knowledge with respect to the role of MGP in the complex network of vascular calcification with concurrent inferences to CAD. In addition, we discussed the effects of warfarin use on MGP functionality, with concomitant implications to coronary plaque stability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:39:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b9487fc04ca41ccb8b7969664551715 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:39:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b9487fc04ca41ccb8b79696645517152023-11-22T08:22:09ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292021-07-0111873710.3390/life11080737Role of Matrix Gla Protein in the Complex Network of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive ReviewMarko Kumric0Josip A. Borovac1Tina Ticinovic Kurir2Dinko Martinovic3Ivan Frka Separovic4Ljupka Baric5Josko Bozic6Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, CroatiaInstitute of Emergency Medicine of Split-Dalmatia County (ZHM SDZ), Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, CroatiaCoronary artery disease (CAD) is widely recognized as one of the most important clinical entities. In recent years, a large body of accumulated data suggest that coronary artery calcification, a process highly prevalent in patients with CAD, occurs via well-organized biologic processes, rather than passively, as previously regarded. Matrix Gla protein (MGP), a vitamin K-dependent protein, emerged as an important inhibitor of both intimal and medial vascular calcification. The functionality of MGP hinges on two post-translational modifications: phosphorylation and carboxylation. Depending on the above-noted modifications, various species of MGP may exist in circulation, each with their respective level of functionality. Emerging data suggest that dysfunctional species of MGP, markedly, dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated MGP, might find its application as biomarkers of microvascular health, and assist in clinical decision making with regard to initiation of vitamin K supplementation. Hence, in this review we summarized the current knowledge with respect to the role of MGP in the complex network of vascular calcification with concurrent inferences to CAD. In addition, we discussed the effects of warfarin use on MGP functionality, with concomitant implications to coronary plaque stability.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/8/737matrix Gla proteincoronary artery diseasevascular calcificationvitamin K |
| spellingShingle | Marko Kumric Josip A. Borovac Tina Ticinovic Kurir Dinko Martinovic Ivan Frka Separovic Ljupka Baric Josko Bozic Role of Matrix Gla Protein in the Complex Network of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review Life matrix Gla protein coronary artery disease vascular calcification vitamin K |
| title | Role of Matrix Gla Protein in the Complex Network of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_full | Role of Matrix Gla Protein in the Complex Network of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_fullStr | Role of Matrix Gla Protein in the Complex Network of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Matrix Gla Protein in the Complex Network of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_short | Role of Matrix Gla Protein in the Complex Network of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_sort | role of matrix gla protein in the complex network of coronary artery disease a comprehensive review |
| topic | matrix Gla protein coronary artery disease vascular calcification vitamin K |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/8/737 |
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