Effects of Bovine Colostrum with or without Egg on In Vitro Bacterial-Induced Intestinal Damage with Relevance for SIBO and Infectious Diarrhea
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs commonly, is difficult to treat, and frequently recurs. Bovine colostrum (BC) and chicken eggs contain immunoglobulins and other components that possess antimicrobial, immunoregulatory, and growth factor activities; however, it is not known if they...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/1024 |
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| author | Raymond J. Playford Naheed Choudhry Paul Kelly Tania Marchbank |
| author_facet | Raymond J. Playford Naheed Choudhry Paul Kelly Tania Marchbank |
| author_sort | Raymond J. Playford |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs commonly, is difficult to treat, and frequently recurs. Bovine colostrum (BC) and chicken eggs contain immunoglobulins and other components that possess antimicrobial, immunoregulatory, and growth factor activities; however, it is not known if they have the ability to reduce injury caused by the presence of bacteria associated with SIBO (<i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i>, and <i>Proteus</i>) and infectious diarrhea (enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>). We examined the effects of BC, egg, or the combination, on bacterial growth and bacteria-induced changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and bacterial translocation across confluent Caco-2 monolayers. BC, egg, or the combination did not affect bacterial growth. Adding bacteria to monolayers reduced TEER and (with minor variations among species) increased bacterial translocation, increased monolayer apoptosis (increased caspase-3 and Baxα, reduced Bcl2), increased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and reduced cell adhesion molecules zonulin1 (ZO1) and claudin-1. BC, egg, or the combination reduced these effects (all <i>p</i> < 0.01) and caused additional increases in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) expression. We conclude that BC ± egg strengthens mucosal integrity against a battery of bacteria relevant for SIBO and for infectious diarrhea. Oral BC ± egg may have clinical value for these conditions, especially SIBO where eradication of precipitating organisms may be difficult to achieve. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:00:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5b968a33dc974683a7e6171833635b57 |
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| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:00:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b968a33dc974683a7e6171833635b572023-11-21T11:29:23ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-03-01133102410.3390/nu13031024Effects of Bovine Colostrum with or without Egg on In Vitro Bacterial-Induced Intestinal Damage with Relevance for SIBO and Infectious DiarrheaRaymond J. Playford0Naheed Choudhry1Paul Kelly2Tania Marchbank3Centre of Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 2AT, UKCentre of Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 2AT, UKCentre of Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 2AT, UKCentre of Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 2AT, UKSmall intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs commonly, is difficult to treat, and frequently recurs. Bovine colostrum (BC) and chicken eggs contain immunoglobulins and other components that possess antimicrobial, immunoregulatory, and growth factor activities; however, it is not known if they have the ability to reduce injury caused by the presence of bacteria associated with SIBO (<i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i>, and <i>Proteus</i>) and infectious diarrhea (enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>). We examined the effects of BC, egg, or the combination, on bacterial growth and bacteria-induced changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and bacterial translocation across confluent Caco-2 monolayers. BC, egg, or the combination did not affect bacterial growth. Adding bacteria to monolayers reduced TEER and (with minor variations among species) increased bacterial translocation, increased monolayer apoptosis (increased caspase-3 and Baxα, reduced Bcl2), increased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and reduced cell adhesion molecules zonulin1 (ZO1) and claudin-1. BC, egg, or the combination reduced these effects (all <i>p</i> < 0.01) and caused additional increases in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) expression. We conclude that BC ± egg strengthens mucosal integrity against a battery of bacteria relevant for SIBO and for infectious diarrhea. Oral BC ± egg may have clinical value for these conditions, especially SIBO where eradication of precipitating organisms may be difficult to achieve.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/1024small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)nutraceuticalsrepairantimicrobialirritable bowel syndromeleaky gut |
| spellingShingle | Raymond J. Playford Naheed Choudhry Paul Kelly Tania Marchbank Effects of Bovine Colostrum with or without Egg on In Vitro Bacterial-Induced Intestinal Damage with Relevance for SIBO and Infectious Diarrhea Nutrients small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) nutraceuticals repair antimicrobial irritable bowel syndrome leaky gut |
| title | Effects of Bovine Colostrum with or without Egg on In Vitro Bacterial-Induced Intestinal Damage with Relevance for SIBO and Infectious Diarrhea |
| title_full | Effects of Bovine Colostrum with or without Egg on In Vitro Bacterial-Induced Intestinal Damage with Relevance for SIBO and Infectious Diarrhea |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Bovine Colostrum with or without Egg on In Vitro Bacterial-Induced Intestinal Damage with Relevance for SIBO and Infectious Diarrhea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Bovine Colostrum with or without Egg on In Vitro Bacterial-Induced Intestinal Damage with Relevance for SIBO and Infectious Diarrhea |
| title_short | Effects of Bovine Colostrum with or without Egg on In Vitro Bacterial-Induced Intestinal Damage with Relevance for SIBO and Infectious Diarrhea |
| title_sort | effects of bovine colostrum with or without egg on in vitro bacterial induced intestinal damage with relevance for sibo and infectious diarrhea |
| topic | small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) nutraceuticals repair antimicrobial irritable bowel syndrome leaky gut |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/1024 |
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