The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in Brazilian Portuguese: Initial Validation and Links With Executive Function, Sleep, and Mental and Physical Health
It has been widely hypothesized that stressors occurring over the lifespan exert a cumulative impact on health, but little work has directly tested these theories given the difficulty associated with measuring cumulative stress exposure over the lifespan. We addressed this issue in Brazil by transla...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03083/full |
| _version_ | 1819044973171965952 |
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| author | Milton J. Cazassa Margareth da S. Oliveira Chandler M. Spahr Grant S. Shields George M. Slavich |
| author_facet | Milton J. Cazassa Margareth da S. Oliveira Chandler M. Spahr Grant S. Shields George M. Slavich |
| author_sort | Milton J. Cazassa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It has been widely hypothesized that stressors occurring over the lifespan exert a cumulative impact on health, but little work has directly tested these theories given the difficulty associated with measuring cumulative stress exposure over the lifespan. We addressed this issue in Brazil by translating the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) into Brazilian Portuguese. We then examined the instrument’s usability and acceptability; concurrent, discriminant, predictive, and incremental validity; and test–retest reliability. Participants were 330 Brazilian adults (238 women; Mage = 32.16; range: 18–76 years old) who completed the Adult STRAIN in Brazilian Portuguese, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). They also completed measures of socioeconomic status, personality, social desirability, negative affect, physical and mental health complaints, sleep quality, executive function, and doctor-diagnosed general health problems and autoimmune disorders. The STRAIN exhibited excellent usability and acceptability and was completed in 16 min and 27 s, on average. It showed good concurrent validity relative to the CTQ-SF and PSS (rs ≥ 0.377) and good discriminant validity, both with and without adjusting for covariates. In addition, the STRAIN significantly predicted all of the health outcomes assessed except for executive function and explained substantial variance in these outcomes over and above the CTQ-SF, PSS, and covariates assessed. Finally, the test–retest reliability indices for total lifetime stressor count and severity were outstanding (ricc = 0.936 and 0.953, respectively, over M = 34.86 days). The Adult STRAIN in Brazilian Portuguese thus exhibits excellent usability and acceptability, good concurrent and discriminant validity, strong predictive and incremental validity across a variety of health outcomes, and outstanding test–retest reliability. We therefore conclude that the STRAIN is a practical, valid, and reliable instrument for researchers and clinicians looking to efficiently assess cumulative lifetime stress exposure in Brazilian Portuguese. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:21:11Z |
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| id | doaj.art-5b99aa98e5da420fa7f9a48e71f5af06 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:21:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5b99aa98e5da420fa7f9a48e71f5af062022-12-21T19:07:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782020-01-011010.3389/fpsyg.2019.03083494354The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in Brazilian Portuguese: Initial Validation and Links With Executive Function, Sleep, and Mental and Physical HealthMilton J. Cazassa0Margareth da S. Oliveira1Chandler M. Spahr2Grant S. Shields3George M. Slavich4Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilDepartment of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilDepartment of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesCenter for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesCousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesIt has been widely hypothesized that stressors occurring over the lifespan exert a cumulative impact on health, but little work has directly tested these theories given the difficulty associated with measuring cumulative stress exposure over the lifespan. We addressed this issue in Brazil by translating the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) into Brazilian Portuguese. We then examined the instrument’s usability and acceptability; concurrent, discriminant, predictive, and incremental validity; and test–retest reliability. Participants were 330 Brazilian adults (238 women; Mage = 32.16; range: 18–76 years old) who completed the Adult STRAIN in Brazilian Portuguese, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). They also completed measures of socioeconomic status, personality, social desirability, negative affect, physical and mental health complaints, sleep quality, executive function, and doctor-diagnosed general health problems and autoimmune disorders. The STRAIN exhibited excellent usability and acceptability and was completed in 16 min and 27 s, on average. It showed good concurrent validity relative to the CTQ-SF and PSS (rs ≥ 0.377) and good discriminant validity, both with and without adjusting for covariates. In addition, the STRAIN significantly predicted all of the health outcomes assessed except for executive function and explained substantial variance in these outcomes over and above the CTQ-SF, PSS, and covariates assessed. Finally, the test–retest reliability indices for total lifetime stressor count and severity were outstanding (ricc = 0.936 and 0.953, respectively, over M = 34.86 days). The Adult STRAIN in Brazilian Portuguese thus exhibits excellent usability and acceptability, good concurrent and discriminant validity, strong predictive and incremental validity across a variety of health outcomes, and outstanding test–retest reliability. We therefore conclude that the STRAIN is a practical, valid, and reliable instrument for researchers and clinicians looking to efficiently assess cumulative lifetime stress exposure in Brazilian Portuguese.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03083/fulllife stressearly adversityassessmentmeasurementallostatic loadrisk |
| spellingShingle | Milton J. Cazassa Margareth da S. Oliveira Chandler M. Spahr Grant S. Shields George M. Slavich The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in Brazilian Portuguese: Initial Validation and Links With Executive Function, Sleep, and Mental and Physical Health Frontiers in Psychology life stress early adversity assessment measurement allostatic load risk |
| title | The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in Brazilian Portuguese: Initial Validation and Links With Executive Function, Sleep, and Mental and Physical Health |
| title_full | The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in Brazilian Portuguese: Initial Validation and Links With Executive Function, Sleep, and Mental and Physical Health |
| title_fullStr | The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in Brazilian Portuguese: Initial Validation and Links With Executive Function, Sleep, and Mental and Physical Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in Brazilian Portuguese: Initial Validation and Links With Executive Function, Sleep, and Mental and Physical Health |
| title_short | The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in Brazilian Portuguese: Initial Validation and Links With Executive Function, Sleep, and Mental and Physical Health |
| title_sort | stress and adversity inventory for adults adult strain in brazilian portuguese initial validation and links with executive function sleep and mental and physical health |
| topic | life stress early adversity assessment measurement allostatic load risk |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03083/full |
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