Prevalence of vaccine-derived hepatitis B surface antibodies in children and adolescents in Germany: results from a population-based survey, 2014–2017
Abstract Introduction Childhood vaccination against hepatitis B has been recommended in Germany since 1995. WHO defines a primary vaccination series as successful if the initial hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) level is ≥ 10 IU/L directly after vaccination. Anti-HBs levels vary depending on t...
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BMC
2024-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09201-7 |
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| author | Ida Sperle Sofie Gillesberg Lassen Martin Schlaud Achim Dörre Sandra Dudareva Christina Poethko-Müller Thomas Harder |
| author_facet | Ida Sperle Sofie Gillesberg Lassen Martin Schlaud Achim Dörre Sandra Dudareva Christina Poethko-Müller Thomas Harder |
| author_sort | Ida Sperle |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction Childhood vaccination against hepatitis B has been recommended in Germany since 1995. WHO defines a primary vaccination series as successful if the initial hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) level is ≥ 10 IU/L directly after vaccination. Anti-HBs levels vary depending on the number of doses, type of vaccine, and time interval between the last two doses. In 2021, Germany began to recommend three instead of four doses of polyvalent hepatitis-B-containing vaccines. Our aim was to estimate the proportion of vaccinated children in Germany with anti-HBs levels < 10 IU/L, 10–99 IU/L, and ≥ 100 IU/L by number and type of vaccine, and assess if number of doses and compliance with recommended time interval between the last two doses are associated with an anti-HBs level ≥ 10 IU/L when considering type of vaccine and time since last dose. Methods We used data from a national cross-sectional study (2014–2017) of children (3–17 years). We excluded participants with unknown vaccination dates, unreadable or incomplete vaccination cards, and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive participants. We defined a recommended schedule as a vaccination series with at least six months between the two last doses and having three doses or more. We calculated weighted anti-HBs sero-prevalence for three anti-HBs levels: < 10 IU/L, 10–99 IU/L and ≥ 100 IU/L. We fitted two logistic regression models to examine the relationship between number of doses and recommended schedule on anti-HBs levels (≥ 10 IU/L and ≥ 100 IU/L) considering time since last dose and type of vaccine (Infanrix, Hexavac, Monovalent). Results We included 2,489 participants. The weighted proportion of vaccinated children per anti-HBs level was < 10 IU/L: 36.3% [95%CI 34.0–38.7%], 10–99 IU/L: 35.7% [33.2–38.2%] and ≥ 100 IU/L: 28.0% [25.9–30.2%]. We did not find an association between a recommended schedule of three versus four doses and anti-HBs ≥ 10 IU/L or ≥ 100 IU/L. Conclusions Anti-HBs levels in later childhood were about equal, whether children received three or four doses. This implies that the change in the recommendations does not affect the anti–HBs level among children in Germany. Future studies are needed on the association of anti-HBs levels and adequate sustained protection against HBV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T23:10:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ba2c3bad8e44d72822970248f66c6e4 |
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| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T23:10:25Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5ba2c3bad8e44d72822970248f66c6e42024-03-17T12:16:41ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342024-03-012411910.1186/s12879-024-09201-7Prevalence of vaccine-derived hepatitis B surface antibodies in children and adolescents in Germany: results from a population-based survey, 2014–2017Ida Sperle0Sofie Gillesberg Lassen1Martin Schlaud2Achim Dörre3Sandra Dudareva4Christina Poethko-Müller5Thomas Harder6Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch InstituteDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch InstituteDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch InstituteDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch InstituteDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch InstituteDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch InstituteDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch InstituteAbstract Introduction Childhood vaccination against hepatitis B has been recommended in Germany since 1995. WHO defines a primary vaccination series as successful if the initial hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) level is ≥ 10 IU/L directly after vaccination. Anti-HBs levels vary depending on the number of doses, type of vaccine, and time interval between the last two doses. In 2021, Germany began to recommend three instead of four doses of polyvalent hepatitis-B-containing vaccines. Our aim was to estimate the proportion of vaccinated children in Germany with anti-HBs levels < 10 IU/L, 10–99 IU/L, and ≥ 100 IU/L by number and type of vaccine, and assess if number of doses and compliance with recommended time interval between the last two doses are associated with an anti-HBs level ≥ 10 IU/L when considering type of vaccine and time since last dose. Methods We used data from a national cross-sectional study (2014–2017) of children (3–17 years). We excluded participants with unknown vaccination dates, unreadable or incomplete vaccination cards, and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive participants. We defined a recommended schedule as a vaccination series with at least six months between the two last doses and having three doses or more. We calculated weighted anti-HBs sero-prevalence for three anti-HBs levels: < 10 IU/L, 10–99 IU/L and ≥ 100 IU/L. We fitted two logistic regression models to examine the relationship between number of doses and recommended schedule on anti-HBs levels (≥ 10 IU/L and ≥ 100 IU/L) considering time since last dose and type of vaccine (Infanrix, Hexavac, Monovalent). Results We included 2,489 participants. The weighted proportion of vaccinated children per anti-HBs level was < 10 IU/L: 36.3% [95%CI 34.0–38.7%], 10–99 IU/L: 35.7% [33.2–38.2%] and ≥ 100 IU/L: 28.0% [25.9–30.2%]. We did not find an association between a recommended schedule of three versus four doses and anti-HBs ≥ 10 IU/L or ≥ 100 IU/L. Conclusions Anti-HBs levels in later childhood were about equal, whether children received three or four doses. This implies that the change in the recommendations does not affect the anti–HBs level among children in Germany. Future studies are needed on the association of anti-HBs levels and adequate sustained protection against HBV.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09201-7Hepatitis BVaccinationGermanyAnti-HBs level |
| spellingShingle | Ida Sperle Sofie Gillesberg Lassen Martin Schlaud Achim Dörre Sandra Dudareva Christina Poethko-Müller Thomas Harder Prevalence of vaccine-derived hepatitis B surface antibodies in children and adolescents in Germany: results from a population-based survey, 2014–2017 BMC Infectious Diseases Hepatitis B Vaccination Germany Anti-HBs level |
| title | Prevalence of vaccine-derived hepatitis B surface antibodies in children and adolescents in Germany: results from a population-based survey, 2014–2017 |
| title_full | Prevalence of vaccine-derived hepatitis B surface antibodies in children and adolescents in Germany: results from a population-based survey, 2014–2017 |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of vaccine-derived hepatitis B surface antibodies in children and adolescents in Germany: results from a population-based survey, 2014–2017 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of vaccine-derived hepatitis B surface antibodies in children and adolescents in Germany: results from a population-based survey, 2014–2017 |
| title_short | Prevalence of vaccine-derived hepatitis B surface antibodies in children and adolescents in Germany: results from a population-based survey, 2014–2017 |
| title_sort | prevalence of vaccine derived hepatitis b surface antibodies in children and adolescents in germany results from a population based survey 2014 2017 |
| topic | Hepatitis B Vaccination Germany Anti-HBs level |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09201-7 |
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