Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet
Abstract Background As one of the most widely planted fruit trees in southern China, citrus occupies an important position in the agriculture field and forestry economy in China. There are many kinds of citrus diseases. If citrus infected with diseases cannot be controlled in time, it easily serious...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Plant Methods |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-022-00945-4 |
| _version_ | 1828373445335842816 |
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| author | Ruoli Yang Tingjing Liao Peirui Zhao Wenhua Zhou Mingfang He Liujun Li |
| author_facet | Ruoli Yang Tingjing Liao Peirui Zhao Wenhua Zhou Mingfang He Liujun Li |
| author_sort | Ruoli Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background As one of the most widely planted fruit trees in southern China, citrus occupies an important position in the agriculture field and forestry economy in China. There are many kinds of citrus diseases. If citrus infected with diseases cannot be controlled in time, it easily seriously affects citrus production and causes large economic losses. Timely monitoring of disease characteristics in the citrus growth process is important for implementing timely control measures. Citrus images are easily disturbed by environmental factors such as dust, low light, clouds or leaf shadows. This makes it easy for some disease spot features in citrus pictures to be obscured. Occluded lesions cannot be effectively extracted and recognized. Second, similar characteristics of different diseases also make it difficult to distinguish the different types of diseases. However, the existing machine vision technology for identifying citrus diseases still has some difficulties in dealing with the above problems. Results This paper proposes a new citrus disease identification framework. First, a citrus image enhancement algorithm based on the MSR-AMSR algorithm is proposed, which can enhance the image and highlight the disease characteristic information. The AMSR algorithm can also greatly alleviate the interference of clouds and low light on image lesions, making the image features clearer. Second, an MF-RANet network is proposed to recognize citrus disease images. MF-RANet is composed of a main feature frame and a detail feature frame. The main feature frame uses the cross stacking structure of ResNet50 and RAM to extract the main features in the citrus image dataset. RAM is used to extract the attention weight in the feature layer, which enables RAM to give higher weight to disease features. The detailed feature frame path uses AugFPN to extract features from multiple scales and fuse the main feature frame path. AugFPN enables the network to retain more detailed features, so it can effectively distinguish similar features in different diseases. In addition, we use the ELU activation function not only to solve the problem of gradient explosion and gradient disappearance but also to effectively use the negative input of the network. Finally, we use the label smoothing regularization method to prevent overfitting the network in the classification process. Finally, the experimental results show that the highest detection accuracy of the network for Huanglong disease, Corynespora blight of citrus, fat spot macular disease, citrus scab, citrus canker and healthy citrus is 96.77%, 96.22%, 95.96%, 95.93%, 94.04% and 97.55%, respectively. Conclusions The citrus disease algorithm based on AMSR and MF-RANet can effectively perform the disease detection function. It has a high recognition rate for different kinds of citrus diseases. With the addition of AMSR preprocessing, RAM, AugFPN, ELU activation function and other structures, the MF-RANet network performance improves. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:18:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ba68324acb34597a0d6425a61dfd738 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-4811 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:18:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plant Methods |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ba68324acb34597a0d6425a61dfd7382022-12-22T02:06:14ZengBMCPlant Methods1746-48112022-09-0118112110.1186/s13007-022-00945-4Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANetRuoli Yang0Tingjing Liao1Peirui Zhao2Wenhua Zhou3Mingfang He4Liujun Li5College of Computer and Information Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyCollege of Computer and Information Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyCollege of Computer and Information Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyDepartment of Civil, A-R-Chitectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri-RollaAbstract Background As one of the most widely planted fruit trees in southern China, citrus occupies an important position in the agriculture field and forestry economy in China. There are many kinds of citrus diseases. If citrus infected with diseases cannot be controlled in time, it easily seriously affects citrus production and causes large economic losses. Timely monitoring of disease characteristics in the citrus growth process is important for implementing timely control measures. Citrus images are easily disturbed by environmental factors such as dust, low light, clouds or leaf shadows. This makes it easy for some disease spot features in citrus pictures to be obscured. Occluded lesions cannot be effectively extracted and recognized. Second, similar characteristics of different diseases also make it difficult to distinguish the different types of diseases. However, the existing machine vision technology for identifying citrus diseases still has some difficulties in dealing with the above problems. Results This paper proposes a new citrus disease identification framework. First, a citrus image enhancement algorithm based on the MSR-AMSR algorithm is proposed, which can enhance the image and highlight the disease characteristic information. The AMSR algorithm can also greatly alleviate the interference of clouds and low light on image lesions, making the image features clearer. Second, an MF-RANet network is proposed to recognize citrus disease images. MF-RANet is composed of a main feature frame and a detail feature frame. The main feature frame uses the cross stacking structure of ResNet50 and RAM to extract the main features in the citrus image dataset. RAM is used to extract the attention weight in the feature layer, which enables RAM to give higher weight to disease features. The detailed feature frame path uses AugFPN to extract features from multiple scales and fuse the main feature frame path. AugFPN enables the network to retain more detailed features, so it can effectively distinguish similar features in different diseases. In addition, we use the ELU activation function not only to solve the problem of gradient explosion and gradient disappearance but also to effectively use the negative input of the network. Finally, we use the label smoothing regularization method to prevent overfitting the network in the classification process. Finally, the experimental results show that the highest detection accuracy of the network for Huanglong disease, Corynespora blight of citrus, fat spot macular disease, citrus scab, citrus canker and healthy citrus is 96.77%, 96.22%, 95.96%, 95.93%, 94.04% and 97.55%, respectively. Conclusions The citrus disease algorithm based on AMSR and MF-RANet can effectively perform the disease detection function. It has a high recognition rate for different kinds of citrus diseases. With the addition of AMSR preprocessing, RAM, AugFPN, ELU activation function and other structures, the MF-RANet network performance improves.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-022-00945-4Citrus disease detectionAMSRRAMAugFPNELU activation functionMF-RANet |
| spellingShingle | Ruoli Yang Tingjing Liao Peirui Zhao Wenhua Zhou Mingfang He Liujun Li Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet Plant Methods Citrus disease detection AMSR RAM AugFPN ELU activation function MF-RANet |
| title | Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet |
| title_full | Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet |
| title_fullStr | Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet |
| title_short | Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet |
| title_sort | identification of citrus diseases based on amsr and mf ranet |
| topic | Citrus disease detection AMSR RAM AugFPN ELU activation function MF-RANet |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-022-00945-4 |
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