The Management of Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview of the Current Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems
Parkinson’s disease (PD) has significantly affected a large proportion of the elderly population worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 8.5 million people worldwide are living with PD. In the United States, an estimated one million people are living with PD, with approx...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/5/1503 |
| _version_ | 1827740326148702208 |
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| author | Deepa D. Nakmode Candace M. Day Yunmei Song Sanjay Garg |
| author_facet | Deepa D. Nakmode Candace M. Day Yunmei Song Sanjay Garg |
| author_sort | Deepa D. Nakmode |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parkinson’s disease (PD) has significantly affected a large proportion of the elderly population worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 8.5 million people worldwide are living with PD. In the United States, an estimated one million people are living with PD, with approximately 60,000 new cases diagnosed every year. Conventional therapies available for Parkinson’s disease are associated with limitations such as the wearing-off effect, on-off period, episodes of motor freezing, and dyskinesia. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in DDSs used to reduce the limitations of current therapies will be presented, and both their promising features and drawbacks will be discussed. We are also particularly interested in the technical properties, mechanism, and release patterns of incorporated drugs, as well as nanoscale delivery strategies to overcome the blood–brain barrier. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:24:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5bb50f3d05804f098aad2c5dd4060bc0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:24:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5bb50f3d05804f098aad2c5dd4060bc02023-11-18T02:52:31ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232023-05-01155150310.3390/pharmaceutics15051503The Management of Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview of the Current Advancements in Drug Delivery SystemsDeepa D. Nakmode0Candace M. Day1Yunmei Song2Sanjay Garg3Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaParkinson’s disease (PD) has significantly affected a large proportion of the elderly population worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 8.5 million people worldwide are living with PD. In the United States, an estimated one million people are living with PD, with approximately 60,000 new cases diagnosed every year. Conventional therapies available for Parkinson’s disease are associated with limitations such as the wearing-off effect, on-off period, episodes of motor freezing, and dyskinesia. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in DDSs used to reduce the limitations of current therapies will be presented, and both their promising features and drawbacks will be discussed. We are also particularly interested in the technical properties, mechanism, and release patterns of incorporated drugs, as well as nanoscale delivery strategies to overcome the blood–brain barrier.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/5/1503Parkinson’s diseasesnanoparticlesmotor fluctuationsdrug deliverysustained release |
| spellingShingle | Deepa D. Nakmode Candace M. Day Yunmei Song Sanjay Garg The Management of Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview of the Current Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems Pharmaceutics Parkinson’s diseases nanoparticles motor fluctuations drug delivery sustained release |
| title | The Management of Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview of the Current Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_full | The Management of Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview of the Current Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_fullStr | The Management of Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview of the Current Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Management of Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview of the Current Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_short | The Management of Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview of the Current Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_sort | management of parkinson s disease an overview of the current advancements in drug delivery systems |
| topic | Parkinson’s diseases nanoparticles motor fluctuations drug delivery sustained release |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/5/1503 |
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