Characterization of Salmonella isolates from municipal sewage, patients, foods, and animals in Greece using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis
Aims: We aimed to compare Salmonella isolates from different sources using molecular and phenotypic methods, targeting better possibility of understanding the epidemiology of this organism in the Greek context with emphasis in municipal wastewater. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used puls...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Veterinary World
2016-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of One Health |
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| Online Access: | http://www.onehealthjournal.org/Vol.2/3.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818585460713193472 |
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| author | Theofilos Papadopoulos Antonios Zdragas Georgia Mandilara Georgios Vafeas Virginia Giantzi Evanthia Petridou Alkiviadis Vatopoulos |
| author_facet | Theofilos Papadopoulos Antonios Zdragas Georgia Mandilara Georgios Vafeas Virginia Giantzi Evanthia Petridou Alkiviadis Vatopoulos |
| author_sort | Theofilos Papadopoulos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aims: We aimed to compare Salmonella isolates from different sources using molecular and phenotypic methods, targeting better possibility of understanding the epidemiology of this organism in the Greek context with emphasis in municipal wastewater.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we used pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in combination with antimicrobial susceptibility testing to analyze a total of 88 Salmonella Enterica isolates from municipal sewage (n=25), humans (n=36), animals (n=24), and foods (n=3) in Greece.
Results: The higher resistance rates were found to the following antimicrobials: streptomycin (59.1%), tetracycline (47.7%), nalidixic acid (46.6%), ampicillin (37.5%), and oxolinic acid (35.2%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin was not observed; 22 isolates (25%) were sensitive to all 9 antimicrobials, 36%, 25% and 12% of human, animal and wastewater origin, respectively, showing a significant difference. Salmonella ser. Hadar was the serovar with the highest resistance rates followed by Salmonella ser. Anatum and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium; Salmonella ser. Infantis strains were almost pansusceptible. Cluster analysis did not reveal close genetic relationship between human animal food and wastewater strains belonging to the same serovars. In most of the cases, distinct clusters were observed between human and non-human isolates indicating diversity and no epidemiological connection.
Conclusion: This study indicates that municipal wastewater would be of interest to further monitor the community’s prevalence of subclinical or non-reported S. Enterica infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T08:37:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5bb8ed92deb74e0da51d1a29769b72ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2455-5673 2455-8931 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T08:37:26Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of One Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-5bb8ed92deb74e0da51d1a29769b72ef2022-12-21T22:37:45ZengVeterinary WorldInternational Journal of One Health2455-56732455-89312016-03-012121810.14202/IJOH.2016.12-18Characterization of Salmonella isolates from municipal sewage, patients, foods, and animals in Greece using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresisTheofilos Papadopoulos0Antonios Zdragas1Georgia Mandilara2Georgios Vafeas3Virginia Giantzi4Evanthia Petridou5Alkiviadis Vatopoulos6National Reference Centre for Salmonella, National School of Public Health & Central Public Health Laboratory, Hellenic Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, 16672 Vari, Greece; Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Agricultural Foundation, NAGREF Campus, 57001 Thermi, Greece; theofilos23@vet.auth.grLaboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Agricultural Foundation, NAGREF Campus, 57001 Thermi, Greece; zdragas@vri.grNational Reference Centre for Salmonella, National School of Public Health & Central Public Health Laboratory, Hellenic Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, 16672 Vari, Greece; gmandilara@esdy.edu.grLaboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Agricultural Foundation, NAGREF Campus, 57001 Thermi, Greece; vafeas@vri.grLaboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Agricultural Foundation, NAGREF Campus, 57001 Thermi, Greece; giantzi@yahoo.grLaboratory of Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; epetridou@vet.auth.grNational Reference Centre for Salmonella, National School of Public Health & Central Public Health Laboratory, Hellenic Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, 16672 Vari, Greece; avatopoulos@esdy.edu.grAims: We aimed to compare Salmonella isolates from different sources using molecular and phenotypic methods, targeting better possibility of understanding the epidemiology of this organism in the Greek context with emphasis in municipal wastewater. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in combination with antimicrobial susceptibility testing to analyze a total of 88 Salmonella Enterica isolates from municipal sewage (n=25), humans (n=36), animals (n=24), and foods (n=3) in Greece. Results: The higher resistance rates were found to the following antimicrobials: streptomycin (59.1%), tetracycline (47.7%), nalidixic acid (46.6%), ampicillin (37.5%), and oxolinic acid (35.2%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin was not observed; 22 isolates (25%) were sensitive to all 9 antimicrobials, 36%, 25% and 12% of human, animal and wastewater origin, respectively, showing a significant difference. Salmonella ser. Hadar was the serovar with the highest resistance rates followed by Salmonella ser. Anatum and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium; Salmonella ser. Infantis strains were almost pansusceptible. Cluster analysis did not reveal close genetic relationship between human animal food and wastewater strains belonging to the same serovars. In most of the cases, distinct clusters were observed between human and non-human isolates indicating diversity and no epidemiological connection. Conclusion: This study indicates that municipal wastewater would be of interest to further monitor the community’s prevalence of subclinical or non-reported S. Enterica infections.http://www.onehealthjournal.org/Vol.2/3.pdfSalmonellawastewatersewagePFGEantimicrobial resistance |
| spellingShingle | Theofilos Papadopoulos Antonios Zdragas Georgia Mandilara Georgios Vafeas Virginia Giantzi Evanthia Petridou Alkiviadis Vatopoulos Characterization of Salmonella isolates from municipal sewage, patients, foods, and animals in Greece using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis International Journal of One Health Salmonella wastewater sewage PFGE antimicrobial resistance |
| title | Characterization of Salmonella isolates from municipal sewage, patients, foods, and animals in Greece using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis |
| title_full | Characterization of Salmonella isolates from municipal sewage, patients, foods, and animals in Greece using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Salmonella isolates from municipal sewage, patients, foods, and animals in Greece using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Salmonella isolates from municipal sewage, patients, foods, and animals in Greece using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis |
| title_short | Characterization of Salmonella isolates from municipal sewage, patients, foods, and animals in Greece using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis |
| title_sort | characterization of salmonella isolates from municipal sewage patients foods and animals in greece using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis |
| topic | Salmonella wastewater sewage PFGE antimicrobial resistance |
| url | http://www.onehealthjournal.org/Vol.2/3.pdf |
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