Updates on the Epidemiology of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection in the Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization with Special Emphasis on the Situation in Iran
Background: The epidemiology and prevalence of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection represent a recommended priority by global health agencies. An in-depth revision to update the status of this infection in countries including those of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/4/664 |
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| author | Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani Hiba El Hajj Ali Bazarbachi |
| author_facet | Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani Hiba El Hajj Ali Bazarbachi |
| author_sort | Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The epidemiology and prevalence of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection represent a recommended priority by global health agencies. An in-depth revision to update the status of this infection in countries including those of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) of the World Health Organization is hence required. Methods: Ninety-seven studies evaluating the HTLV-1 infection in low- and high-risk populations in EMRO countries were retrieved from the international electronic databases and were used to assess the epidemiological status of the infection in these countries. Results: Most epidemiologic reports were published from Iran, with more than 50% of Iranian prisoners and around 4% of healthy individuals reported to have the infection. In Egypt, a considerable prevalence of the virus spans around 1.11% of blood donors. Foci of HTLV-1 infection are also present in some countries and require a careful epidemiological evaluation. In the other EMRO countries, a lower prevalence that does not exceed 1% was reported. Conclusion: The epidemiology and prevalence of HTLV-1 in the EMRO countries require a tight revision and update. Published studies reveal a scarce distribution of the virus in the African countries of EMRO, while a lower prevalence is denoted in the Asian countries of EMRO, except in Iran, where the prevalence is high. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:28:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5bbb9efd5f1546fdbb5e371ba68ba760 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:28:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-5bbb9efd5f1546fdbb5e371ba68ba7602023-12-01T21:30:07ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-03-0114466410.3390/v14040664Updates on the Epidemiology of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection in the Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization with Special Emphasis on the Situation in IranMohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam0Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani1Hiba El Hajj2Ali Bazarbachi3Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad 91775-1376, IranBlood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad 91775-1376, IranDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, LebanonDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, LebanonBackground: The epidemiology and prevalence of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection represent a recommended priority by global health agencies. An in-depth revision to update the status of this infection in countries including those of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) of the World Health Organization is hence required. Methods: Ninety-seven studies evaluating the HTLV-1 infection in low- and high-risk populations in EMRO countries were retrieved from the international electronic databases and were used to assess the epidemiological status of the infection in these countries. Results: Most epidemiologic reports were published from Iran, with more than 50% of Iranian prisoners and around 4% of healthy individuals reported to have the infection. In Egypt, a considerable prevalence of the virus spans around 1.11% of blood donors. Foci of HTLV-1 infection are also present in some countries and require a careful epidemiological evaluation. In the other EMRO countries, a lower prevalence that does not exceed 1% was reported. Conclusion: The epidemiology and prevalence of HTLV-1 in the EMRO countries require a tight revision and update. Published studies reveal a scarce distribution of the virus in the African countries of EMRO, while a lower prevalence is denoted in the Asian countries of EMRO, except in Iran, where the prevalence is high.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/4/664human T-lymphotropic virus 1Eastern Mediterranean RegionprevalenceepidemiologyAsian countries of EMROAfrican countries of EMRO |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani Hiba El Hajj Ali Bazarbachi Updates on the Epidemiology of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection in the Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization with Special Emphasis on the Situation in Iran Viruses human T-lymphotropic virus 1 Eastern Mediterranean Region prevalence epidemiology Asian countries of EMRO African countries of EMRO |
| title | Updates on the Epidemiology of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection in the Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization with Special Emphasis on the Situation in Iran |
| title_full | Updates on the Epidemiology of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection in the Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization with Special Emphasis on the Situation in Iran |
| title_fullStr | Updates on the Epidemiology of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection in the Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization with Special Emphasis on the Situation in Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Updates on the Epidemiology of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection in the Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization with Special Emphasis on the Situation in Iran |
| title_short | Updates on the Epidemiology of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection in the Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization with Special Emphasis on the Situation in Iran |
| title_sort | updates on the epidemiology of the human t cell leukemia virus type 1 infection in the countries of the eastern mediterranean regional office of the world health organization with special emphasis on the situation in iran |
| topic | human T-lymphotropic virus 1 Eastern Mediterranean Region prevalence epidemiology Asian countries of EMRO African countries of EMRO |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/4/664 |
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