Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extraction of Triterpenoids from Chaga Sterile Conk of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i>
Triterpenoids are among the bioactive components of Chaga, the sterile conk of the medicinal fungus <i>Inonotus obliquus</i>. Supercritical fluid extraction of Chaga triterpenoids was carried out with supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>, while a modified Folch method was used as a c...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/6/1880 |
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| author | Nghia Huynh Gabriele Beltrame Marko Tarvainen Jukka-Pekka Suomela Baoru Yang |
| author_facet | Nghia Huynh Gabriele Beltrame Marko Tarvainen Jukka-Pekka Suomela Baoru Yang |
| author_sort | Nghia Huynh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Triterpenoids are among the bioactive components of Chaga, the sterile conk of the medicinal fungus <i>Inonotus obliquus</i>. Supercritical fluid extraction of Chaga triterpenoids was carried out with supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>, while a modified Folch method was used as a comparison. Three temperature-pressure combinations were tested varying between 314–324 K (40–50 °C) and 281–350 bars, using time- and volume-limited extractions. Six triterpenoids were identified with GC-MS and quantified with GC-FID: ergosterol, lanosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmastanol, betulin, and inotodiol. The Folch extraction resulted in recovery of trametenolic acid, which was not extracted by supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>. Inotodiol was the major triterpenoid of all the extracts, with a yield of 87–101 mg/100 g and 139 mg/100 g, for SFEs and the Folch method, respectively. The contents of other major triterpenoids, lanosterol and ergosterol, varied in the ranges 59–63 mg/100 g and 17–18 mg/100 g by SFE, respectively. With the Folch method, the yields were 81 mg/100 g and 40 mg/100 g, respectively. The highest recovery of triterpenoids with SFE in relation to Folch was 56% and it was obtained at 324 K (50 °C) and 350 bar, regardless of extraction time or volume of CO<sub>2</sub>. The recoveries of lanosterol and stigmastanol were unaffected by SFE conditions. Despite the lower yield, SFE showed several advantages including shorter extraction time and less impact on the environment. This work could be a starting point for further studies on green extraction methods of bioactive triterpenoids from Chaga. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5bc9e509aa964b71b413da253c21e45d2023-11-30T21:42:40ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-03-01276188010.3390/molecules27061880Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extraction of Triterpenoids from Chaga Sterile Conk of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i>Nghia Huynh0Gabriele Beltrame1Marko Tarvainen2Jukka-Pekka Suomela3Baoru Yang4Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20520 Turku, FinlandFood Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20520 Turku, FinlandFood Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20520 Turku, FinlandFood Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20520 Turku, FinlandFood Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20520 Turku, FinlandTriterpenoids are among the bioactive components of Chaga, the sterile conk of the medicinal fungus <i>Inonotus obliquus</i>. Supercritical fluid extraction of Chaga triterpenoids was carried out with supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>, while a modified Folch method was used as a comparison. Three temperature-pressure combinations were tested varying between 314–324 K (40–50 °C) and 281–350 bars, using time- and volume-limited extractions. Six triterpenoids were identified with GC-MS and quantified with GC-FID: ergosterol, lanosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmastanol, betulin, and inotodiol. The Folch extraction resulted in recovery of trametenolic acid, which was not extracted by supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>. Inotodiol was the major triterpenoid of all the extracts, with a yield of 87–101 mg/100 g and 139 mg/100 g, for SFEs and the Folch method, respectively. The contents of other major triterpenoids, lanosterol and ergosterol, varied in the ranges 59–63 mg/100 g and 17–18 mg/100 g by SFE, respectively. With the Folch method, the yields were 81 mg/100 g and 40 mg/100 g, respectively. The highest recovery of triterpenoids with SFE in relation to Folch was 56% and it was obtained at 324 K (50 °C) and 350 bar, regardless of extraction time or volume of CO<sub>2</sub>. The recoveries of lanosterol and stigmastanol were unaffected by SFE conditions. Despite the lower yield, SFE showed several advantages including shorter extraction time and less impact on the environment. This work could be a starting point for further studies on green extraction methods of bioactive triterpenoids from Chaga.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/6/1880<i>Inonotus obliquus</i>SFEsupercritical fluidstriterpenoidsinotodiol |
| spellingShingle | Nghia Huynh Gabriele Beltrame Marko Tarvainen Jukka-Pekka Suomela Baoru Yang Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extraction of Triterpenoids from Chaga Sterile Conk of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> Molecules <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> SFE supercritical fluids triterpenoids inotodiol |
| title | Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extraction of Triterpenoids from Chaga Sterile Conk of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> |
| title_full | Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extraction of Triterpenoids from Chaga Sterile Conk of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extraction of Triterpenoids from Chaga Sterile Conk of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extraction of Triterpenoids from Chaga Sterile Conk of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> |
| title_short | Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extraction of Triterpenoids from Chaga Sterile Conk of <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> |
| title_sort | supercritical co sub 2 sub extraction of triterpenoids from chaga sterile conk of i inonotus obliquus i |
| topic | <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> SFE supercritical fluids triterpenoids inotodiol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/6/1880 |
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