The Differential Roles of T Cells in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes a spectrum of disease states characterized by hepatic steatosis and is closely associated to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. In non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), additionally, inflammatory changes and hepatocellular damage are present, re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00082/full |
| _version_ | 1818016376313348096 |
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| author | Mikhaïl A. Van Herck Mikhaïl A. Van Herck Jonas Weyler Jonas Weyler Wilhelmus J. Kwanten Wilhelmus J. Kwanten Eveline L. Dirinck Eveline L. Dirinck Benedicte Y. De Winter Sven M. Francque Sven M. Francque Luisa Vonghia Luisa Vonghia |
| author_facet | Mikhaïl A. Van Herck Mikhaïl A. Van Herck Jonas Weyler Jonas Weyler Wilhelmus J. Kwanten Wilhelmus J. Kwanten Eveline L. Dirinck Eveline L. Dirinck Benedicte Y. De Winter Sven M. Francque Sven M. Francque Luisa Vonghia Luisa Vonghia |
| author_sort | Mikhaïl A. Van Herck |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes a spectrum of disease states characterized by hepatic steatosis and is closely associated to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. In non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), additionally, inflammatory changes and hepatocellular damage are present, representing a more severe condition, for which the treatment is an unmet medical need. Pathophysiologically, the immune system is one of the main drivers of NAFLD progression and other obesity-related comorbidities, and both the innate and adaptive immune system are involved. T cells form the cellular component of the adaptive immune system and consist of multiple differentially active subsets, i.e., T helper (Th) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells, as well as several innate T-cell subsets. This review focuses on the role of these T-cell subsets in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, as well as the association with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, reviewing the available evidence from both animal and human studies. Briefly, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 cells seem to have an attenuating effect on adiposity. Th2, Th22, and Treg cells seem to decrease insulin resistance, whereas Th1, Th17, and Tc cells have an aggravating effect. Concerning NAFLD, both Th22 and Treg cells appear to have an overall tempering effect, whereas Th17 and Tc cells seem to induce more liver damage and fibrosis progression. The evidence regarding the role of the innate T-cell subsets is more controversial and warrants further exploration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:11:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5bcf264b2e8d448f92dcf7344155958d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:11:26Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5bcf264b2e8d448f92dcf7344155958d2022-12-22T02:06:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242019-02-011010.3389/fimmu.2019.00082424327The Differential Roles of T Cells in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and ObesityMikhaïl A. Van Herck0Mikhaïl A. Van Herck1Jonas Weyler2Jonas Weyler3Wilhelmus J. Kwanten4Wilhelmus J. Kwanten5Eveline L. Dirinck6Eveline L. Dirinck7Benedicte Y. De Winter8Sven M. Francque9Sven M. Francque10Luisa Vonghia11Luisa Vonghia12Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumLaboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumLaboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumLaboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumLaboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumLaboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumLaboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, BelgiumNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes a spectrum of disease states characterized by hepatic steatosis and is closely associated to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. In non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), additionally, inflammatory changes and hepatocellular damage are present, representing a more severe condition, for which the treatment is an unmet medical need. Pathophysiologically, the immune system is one of the main drivers of NAFLD progression and other obesity-related comorbidities, and both the innate and adaptive immune system are involved. T cells form the cellular component of the adaptive immune system and consist of multiple differentially active subsets, i.e., T helper (Th) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells, as well as several innate T-cell subsets. This review focuses on the role of these T-cell subsets in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, as well as the association with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, reviewing the available evidence from both animal and human studies. Briefly, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 cells seem to have an attenuating effect on adiposity. Th2, Th22, and Treg cells seem to decrease insulin resistance, whereas Th1, Th17, and Tc cells have an aggravating effect. Concerning NAFLD, both Th22 and Treg cells appear to have an overall tempering effect, whereas Th17 and Tc cells seem to induce more liver damage and fibrosis progression. The evidence regarding the role of the innate T-cell subsets is more controversial and warrants further exploration.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00082/fullnon-alcoholic fatty liver diseasenon-alcoholic steatohepatitisobesitytype 2 diabetes mellitusT helper cellsregulatory T cells |
| spellingShingle | Mikhaïl A. Van Herck Mikhaïl A. Van Herck Jonas Weyler Jonas Weyler Wilhelmus J. Kwanten Wilhelmus J. Kwanten Eveline L. Dirinck Eveline L. Dirinck Benedicte Y. De Winter Sven M. Francque Sven M. Francque Luisa Vonghia Luisa Vonghia The Differential Roles of T Cells in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity Frontiers in Immunology non-alcoholic fatty liver disease non-alcoholic steatohepatitis obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus T helper cells regulatory T cells |
| title | The Differential Roles of T Cells in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity |
| title_full | The Differential Roles of T Cells in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity |
| title_fullStr | The Differential Roles of T Cells in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Differential Roles of T Cells in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity |
| title_short | The Differential Roles of T Cells in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity |
| title_sort | differential roles of t cells in non alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity |
| topic | non-alcoholic fatty liver disease non-alcoholic steatohepatitis obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus T helper cells regulatory T cells |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00082/full |
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