Bees with attitude: the effects of directed gusts on flight trajectories
Flight is a complicated task at the centimetre scale particularly due to unsteady air fluctuations which are ubiquitous in outdoor flight environments. Flying organisms deal with these difficulties using active and passive control mechanisms to steer their body motion. Body attitudes of flapping org...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Company of Biologists
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Biology Open |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://bio.biologists.org/content/7/10/bio034074 |
| _version_ | 1818822429284237312 |
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| author | Timothy Jakobi Dmitry Kolomenskiy Teruaki Ikeda Simon Watkins Alex Fisher Hao Liu Sridhar Ravi |
| author_facet | Timothy Jakobi Dmitry Kolomenskiy Teruaki Ikeda Simon Watkins Alex Fisher Hao Liu Sridhar Ravi |
| author_sort | Timothy Jakobi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flight is a complicated task at the centimetre scale particularly due to unsteady air fluctuations which are ubiquitous in outdoor flight environments. Flying organisms deal with these difficulties using active and passive control mechanisms to steer their body motion. Body attitudes of flapping organisms are linked with their resultant flight trajectories and performance, yet little is understood about how isolated unsteady aerodynamic phenomena affect the interlaced dynamics of such systems. In this study, we examined freely flying bumblebees subject to a single isolated gust to emulate aerodynamic disturbances encountered in nature. Bumblebees are expert commanders of the aerial domain as they persistently forage within complex terrain elements. By tracking the three-dimensional dynamics of bees flying through gusts, we determined the sequences of motion that permit flight in three disturbance conditions: sideward, upward and downward gusts. Bees executed a series of passive impulsive maneuvers followed by active recovery maneuvers. Impulsive motion was unique in each gust direction, maintaining control by passive manipulation of the body. Bees pitched up and slowed down at the beginning of recovery in every disturbance, followed by corrective maneuvers which brought body attitudes back to their original state. Bees were displaced the most by the sideward gust, displaying large lateral translations and roll deviations. Upward gusts were easier for bees to fly through, causing only minor flight changes and minimal recovery times. Downward gusts severely impaired the control response of bees, inflicting strong adverse forces which sharply upset trajectories. Bees used a variety of control strategies when flying in each disturbance, offering new insights into insect-scale flapping flight and bio-inspired robotic systems. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T23:23:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5bd0642f4174412fb8af440f2adaa82a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-6390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T23:23:56Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | The Company of Biologists |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-5bd0642f4174412fb8af440f2adaa82a2022-12-21T20:47:51ZengThe Company of BiologistsBiology Open2046-63902018-10-0171010.1242/bio.034074034074Bees with attitude: the effects of directed gusts on flight trajectoriesTimothy Jakobi0Dmitry Kolomenskiy1Teruaki Ikeda2Simon Watkins3Alex Fisher4Hao Liu5Sridhar Ravi6 School of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama-shi, 236-0001, Japan Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, 263-8522, Japan School of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia School of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, 263-8522, Japan School of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia Flight is a complicated task at the centimetre scale particularly due to unsteady air fluctuations which are ubiquitous in outdoor flight environments. Flying organisms deal with these difficulties using active and passive control mechanisms to steer their body motion. Body attitudes of flapping organisms are linked with their resultant flight trajectories and performance, yet little is understood about how isolated unsteady aerodynamic phenomena affect the interlaced dynamics of such systems. In this study, we examined freely flying bumblebees subject to a single isolated gust to emulate aerodynamic disturbances encountered in nature. Bumblebees are expert commanders of the aerial domain as they persistently forage within complex terrain elements. By tracking the three-dimensional dynamics of bees flying through gusts, we determined the sequences of motion that permit flight in three disturbance conditions: sideward, upward and downward gusts. Bees executed a series of passive impulsive maneuvers followed by active recovery maneuvers. Impulsive motion was unique in each gust direction, maintaining control by passive manipulation of the body. Bees pitched up and slowed down at the beginning of recovery in every disturbance, followed by corrective maneuvers which brought body attitudes back to their original state. Bees were displaced the most by the sideward gust, displaying large lateral translations and roll deviations. Upward gusts were easier for bees to fly through, causing only minor flight changes and minimal recovery times. Downward gusts severely impaired the control response of bees, inflicting strong adverse forces which sharply upset trajectories. Bees used a variety of control strategies when flying in each disturbance, offering new insights into insect-scale flapping flight and bio-inspired robotic systems. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.http://bio.biologists.org/content/7/10/bio034074Flapping flightGustsInsect body dynamicsFlight control |
| spellingShingle | Timothy Jakobi Dmitry Kolomenskiy Teruaki Ikeda Simon Watkins Alex Fisher Hao Liu Sridhar Ravi Bees with attitude: the effects of directed gusts on flight trajectories Biology Open Flapping flight Gusts Insect body dynamics Flight control |
| title | Bees with attitude: the effects of directed gusts on flight trajectories |
| title_full | Bees with attitude: the effects of directed gusts on flight trajectories |
| title_fullStr | Bees with attitude: the effects of directed gusts on flight trajectories |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bees with attitude: the effects of directed gusts on flight trajectories |
| title_short | Bees with attitude: the effects of directed gusts on flight trajectories |
| title_sort | bees with attitude the effects of directed gusts on flight trajectories |
| topic | Flapping flight Gusts Insect body dynamics Flight control |
| url | http://bio.biologists.org/content/7/10/bio034074 |
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