Moderate Coconut Oil Supplement Ameliorates Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Hainan Black Goat Kids
The study investigated amelioration effects of coconut oil (CO) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites in Hainan Black goat kids. Twenty-four Hainan Black goat kids (10 days of age) were assigned randomly to four treatments for 90 days, including p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.622259/full |
| _version_ | 1818611756212158464 |
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| author | Liguang Shi Yu Zhang Lingli Wu Wenjuan Xun Qiang Liu Ting Cao Guanyu Hou Hanlin Zhou |
| author_facet | Liguang Shi Yu Zhang Lingli Wu Wenjuan Xun Qiang Liu Ting Cao Guanyu Hou Hanlin Zhou |
| author_sort | Liguang Shi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study investigated amelioration effects of coconut oil (CO) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites in Hainan Black goat kids. Twenty-four Hainan Black goat kids (10 days of age) were assigned randomly to four treatments for 90 days, including pre-weaning (10–70 d of age) and post-weaning (70-100 d of age) days. The treatment regimens were control (CON), low CO (LCO), medium CO (MCO), and high CO (HCO) with 0, 4, 6, 8 g CO per goat per day, respectively. During the pre-weaning period, the average daily gain (ADG) linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05), whereas the average daily feed intake (ADFI) linearly decreased, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) also decreased linearly and quadratically by increasing CO supplementation (P < 0.05). During the post-weaning period, increasing CO supplementation linearly and quadratically increased the BW at 100 days and ADG (P < 0.05), but quadratically decreased the ADFI and FCR (P < 0.05). The digestibility of ether extract (EE) linearly and quadratically increased with increasing CO supplementation (P < 0.05). Supplementation of CO linearly increased ruminal pH (P < 0.05), but linearly decreased (P < 0.05) ammonia-N, total VFAs, molar proportions of acetate, ruminal microbial enzyme activity of carboxymethyl-cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase, pectinase and α-amylase, and number of total protozoa, the abundance of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola, and Ruminobacter amylophilus. The estimated methane emission decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing CO addition (P < 0.05). The serum concentration of triglycerides (TG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and growth hormone (GH) linearly (P < 0.05) increased by raising the CO supplementation. The present results indicate that CO supplementation at 6 g/day per goats is optimum due to improved growth performance and decreased estimated methane emission. Supplementation CO up to 8 g/day depressed growth and feed conversion due to its suppression of growth performance, rumen protozoa, cellulolytic bacteria and microbial enzyme activity, and reduced ADF and ADF digestibility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T15:35:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5bd3444495c84d4c91c4e8999868b38f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T15:35:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5bd3444495c84d4c91c4e8999868b38f2022-12-21T22:26:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692020-12-01710.3389/fvets.2020.622259622259Moderate Coconut Oil Supplement Ameliorates Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Hainan Black Goat KidsLiguang Shi0Yu Zhang1Lingli Wu2Wenjuan Xun3Qiang Liu4Ting Cao5Guanyu Hou6Hanlin Zhou7Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaCollege of Animal Sciences and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, ChinaThe study investigated amelioration effects of coconut oil (CO) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites in Hainan Black goat kids. Twenty-four Hainan Black goat kids (10 days of age) were assigned randomly to four treatments for 90 days, including pre-weaning (10–70 d of age) and post-weaning (70-100 d of age) days. The treatment regimens were control (CON), low CO (LCO), medium CO (MCO), and high CO (HCO) with 0, 4, 6, 8 g CO per goat per day, respectively. During the pre-weaning period, the average daily gain (ADG) linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05), whereas the average daily feed intake (ADFI) linearly decreased, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) also decreased linearly and quadratically by increasing CO supplementation (P < 0.05). During the post-weaning period, increasing CO supplementation linearly and quadratically increased the BW at 100 days and ADG (P < 0.05), but quadratically decreased the ADFI and FCR (P < 0.05). The digestibility of ether extract (EE) linearly and quadratically increased with increasing CO supplementation (P < 0.05). Supplementation of CO linearly increased ruminal pH (P < 0.05), but linearly decreased (P < 0.05) ammonia-N, total VFAs, molar proportions of acetate, ruminal microbial enzyme activity of carboxymethyl-cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase, pectinase and α-amylase, and number of total protozoa, the abundance of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola, and Ruminobacter amylophilus. The estimated methane emission decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing CO addition (P < 0.05). The serum concentration of triglycerides (TG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and growth hormone (GH) linearly (P < 0.05) increased by raising the CO supplementation. The present results indicate that CO supplementation at 6 g/day per goats is optimum due to improved growth performance and decreased estimated methane emission. Supplementation CO up to 8 g/day depressed growth and feed conversion due to its suppression of growth performance, rumen protozoa, cellulolytic bacteria and microbial enzyme activity, and reduced ADF and ADF digestibility.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.622259/fullcoconut oilgrowth performancenutrient digestibilityruminal fermentationblood metabolites |
| spellingShingle | Liguang Shi Yu Zhang Lingli Wu Wenjuan Xun Qiang Liu Ting Cao Guanyu Hou Hanlin Zhou Moderate Coconut Oil Supplement Ameliorates Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Hainan Black Goat Kids Frontiers in Veterinary Science coconut oil growth performance nutrient digestibility ruminal fermentation blood metabolites |
| title | Moderate Coconut Oil Supplement Ameliorates Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Hainan Black Goat Kids |
| title_full | Moderate Coconut Oil Supplement Ameliorates Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Hainan Black Goat Kids |
| title_fullStr | Moderate Coconut Oil Supplement Ameliorates Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Hainan Black Goat Kids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Moderate Coconut Oil Supplement Ameliorates Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Hainan Black Goat Kids |
| title_short | Moderate Coconut Oil Supplement Ameliorates Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Hainan Black Goat Kids |
| title_sort | moderate coconut oil supplement ameliorates growth performance and ruminal fermentation in hainan black goat kids |
| topic | coconut oil growth performance nutrient digestibility ruminal fermentation blood metabolites |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.622259/full |
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