Contribution of forest wood products to negative emissions: historical comparative analysis from 1960 to 2015 in Norway, Sweden and Finland
Abstract Background Forests and forest products can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation by stabilizing and even potentially decreasing the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Harvested wood products (HWP) represent a common widespread and cost-efficient opportu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Carbon Balance and Management |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13021-018-0101-9 |
| _version_ | 1818540130580824064 |
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| author | Cristina-Maria Iordan Xiangping Hu Anders Arvesen Pekka Kauppi Francesco Cherubini |
| author_facet | Cristina-Maria Iordan Xiangping Hu Anders Arvesen Pekka Kauppi Francesco Cherubini |
| author_sort | Cristina-Maria Iordan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Forests and forest products can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation by stabilizing and even potentially decreasing the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Harvested wood products (HWP) represent a common widespread and cost-efficient opportunity for negative emissions. After harvest, a significant fraction of the wood remains stored in HWPs for a period that can vary from some months to many decades, whereas atmospheric carbon (C) is immediately sequestered by vegetation re-growth. This temporal mismatch between oxidation of HWPs and C uptake by vegetation generates a net sink that lasts over time. The role of temporary carbon storage in forest products has been analysed and debated in the scientific literature, but detailed bottom-up studies mapping the fate of harvested materials and quantifying the associated emission profiles at national scales are rare. In this work, we quantify the net CO2 emissions and the temporary carbon storage in forest products in Norway, Sweden and Finland for the period 1960–2015, and investigate their correlation. We use a Chi square probability distribution to model the oxidation rate of C over time in HWPs, taking into consideration specific half-lives of each category of products. We model the forest regrowth and estimate the time-distributed C removal. We also integrate the specific HWP flows with an emission inventory database to quantify the associated life-cycle emissions of fossil CO2, CH4 and N2O. Results We find that assuming an instantaneous oxidation of HWPs would overestimate emissions of about 1.18 billion t CO2 (cumulative values for the three countries over the period 1960–2015).We also find that about 40 years after 1960, the starting year of our analysis, are sufficient to detect signs of negative emissions. The total amount of net CO2 emissions achieved in 2015 are about − 3.8 million t CO2, − 27.9 t CO2 and − 43.6 t CO2 in Norway, Sweden, and Finland, respectively. Conclusion We argue for a more explicit accounting of the actual emission rates from HWPs in carbon balance studies and climate impact analysis of forestry systems and products, and a more transparent inclusion of the potential of HWP as negative emissions in perspective studies and scenarios. Simply assuming that all harvested carbon is instantaneously oxidized can lead to large biases and ultimately overlook the benefits of negative emissions of HWPs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T21:51:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5bd7838caeff4248af0f7aad1248ccdb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1750-0680 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T21:51:15Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Carbon Balance and Management |
| spelling | doaj.art-5bd7838caeff4248af0f7aad1248ccdb2022-12-22T00:49:28ZengBMCCarbon Balance and Management1750-06802018-09-0113111610.1186/s13021-018-0101-9Contribution of forest wood products to negative emissions: historical comparative analysis from 1960 to 2015 in Norway, Sweden and FinlandCristina-Maria Iordan0Xiangping Hu1Anders Arvesen2Pekka Kauppi3Francesco Cherubini4Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Department of Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiIndustrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Abstract Background Forests and forest products can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation by stabilizing and even potentially decreasing the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Harvested wood products (HWP) represent a common widespread and cost-efficient opportunity for negative emissions. After harvest, a significant fraction of the wood remains stored in HWPs for a period that can vary from some months to many decades, whereas atmospheric carbon (C) is immediately sequestered by vegetation re-growth. This temporal mismatch between oxidation of HWPs and C uptake by vegetation generates a net sink that lasts over time. The role of temporary carbon storage in forest products has been analysed and debated in the scientific literature, but detailed bottom-up studies mapping the fate of harvested materials and quantifying the associated emission profiles at national scales are rare. In this work, we quantify the net CO2 emissions and the temporary carbon storage in forest products in Norway, Sweden and Finland for the period 1960–2015, and investigate their correlation. We use a Chi square probability distribution to model the oxidation rate of C over time in HWPs, taking into consideration specific half-lives of each category of products. We model the forest regrowth and estimate the time-distributed C removal. We also integrate the specific HWP flows with an emission inventory database to quantify the associated life-cycle emissions of fossil CO2, CH4 and N2O. Results We find that assuming an instantaneous oxidation of HWPs would overestimate emissions of about 1.18 billion t CO2 (cumulative values for the three countries over the period 1960–2015).We also find that about 40 years after 1960, the starting year of our analysis, are sufficient to detect signs of negative emissions. The total amount of net CO2 emissions achieved in 2015 are about − 3.8 million t CO2, − 27.9 t CO2 and − 43.6 t CO2 in Norway, Sweden, and Finland, respectively. Conclusion We argue for a more explicit accounting of the actual emission rates from HWPs in carbon balance studies and climate impact analysis of forestry systems and products, and a more transparent inclusion of the potential of HWP as negative emissions in perspective studies and scenarios. Simply assuming that all harvested carbon is instantaneously oxidized can lead to large biases and ultimately overlook the benefits of negative emissions of HWPs.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13021-018-0101-9Negative CO2 emissionsForest wood productsCarbon balanceBiomassForest managementBioenergy |
| spellingShingle | Cristina-Maria Iordan Xiangping Hu Anders Arvesen Pekka Kauppi Francesco Cherubini Contribution of forest wood products to negative emissions: historical comparative analysis from 1960 to 2015 in Norway, Sweden and Finland Carbon Balance and Management Negative CO2 emissions Forest wood products Carbon balance Biomass Forest management Bioenergy |
| title | Contribution of forest wood products to negative emissions: historical comparative analysis from 1960 to 2015 in Norway, Sweden and Finland |
| title_full | Contribution of forest wood products to negative emissions: historical comparative analysis from 1960 to 2015 in Norway, Sweden and Finland |
| title_fullStr | Contribution of forest wood products to negative emissions: historical comparative analysis from 1960 to 2015 in Norway, Sweden and Finland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contribution of forest wood products to negative emissions: historical comparative analysis from 1960 to 2015 in Norway, Sweden and Finland |
| title_short | Contribution of forest wood products to negative emissions: historical comparative analysis from 1960 to 2015 in Norway, Sweden and Finland |
| title_sort | contribution of forest wood products to negative emissions historical comparative analysis from 1960 to 2015 in norway sweden and finland |
| topic | Negative CO2 emissions Forest wood products Carbon balance Biomass Forest management Bioenergy |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13021-018-0101-9 |
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