Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure on the Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear Mucosa of Rats
Objectives Particulate matter (PM) is a risk factor for various diseases. Recent studies have established an association between otitis media (OM) and PM exposure. To confirm this relationship, we developed a novel exposure model designed to control the concentration of PM, and we observed the effec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.e-ceo.org/upload/pdf/ceo-2023-00227.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797733126344015872 |
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| author | Hyun Min Lee Youn-Suk Son Hyang-Sook Kim Joo-Young Kim Seok-Hyun Kim Jung Hee Lee Sung-Won Choi Se-Joon Oh Soo-Keun Kong Moo Jin Baek Il-Woo Lee |
| author_facet | Hyun Min Lee Youn-Suk Son Hyang-Sook Kim Joo-Young Kim Seok-Hyun Kim Jung Hee Lee Sung-Won Choi Se-Joon Oh Soo-Keun Kong Moo Jin Baek Il-Woo Lee |
| author_sort | Hyun Min Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives Particulate matter (PM) is a risk factor for various diseases. Recent studies have established an association between otitis media (OM) and PM exposure. To confirm this relationship, we developed a novel exposure model designed to control the concentration of PM, and we observed the effects of PM exposure on the Eustachian tube (ET) and middle ear mucosa of rats. Methods Forty healthy, 10-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3-day, 7-day, 14-day exposure, and control groups (each, n=10). The rats were exposed to incense smoke as the PM source for 3 hours per day. After exposure, bilateral ETs and mastoid bullae were harvested, and histopathological findings were compared using microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the middle ear mucosa of each group were compared using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results In the ET mucosa of the exposure group, the goblet cell count significantly increased after PM exposure (P=0.032). In the middle ear mucosa, subepithelial space thickening, increased angio-capillary tissue, and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed. Moreover, the thickness of the middle ear mucosa in the exposure groups increased compared to the control group (P<0.01). The TEM findings showed PM particles on the surface of the ET and middle ear mucosa, and RT-PCR revealed that messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of IL-1β significantly increased in the 3-day and 7-day exposure groups compared to the control group (P=0.035). VEGF expression significantly increased in the 7-day exposure group compared to the control and 3-day exposure groups (P<0.01). Conclusion The ET and middle ear mucosa of rats showed histopathologic changes after acute exposure to PM that directly reached the ET and middle ear mucosa. Therefore, acute exposure to PM may play a role in the development of OM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:23:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5be4533a459f4ed6b78741714c9c5f3a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1976-8710 2005-0720 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:23:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5be4533a459f4ed6b78741714c9c5f3a2023-08-30T04:39:42ZengKorean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryClinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology1976-87102005-07202023-08-0116322523510.21053/ceo.2023.00227865Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure on the Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear Mucosa of RatsHyun Min Lee0Youn-Suk Son1Hyang-Sook Kim2Joo-Young Kim3Seok-Hyun Kim4Jung Hee Lee5Sung-Won Choi6Se-Joon Oh7Soo-Keun Kong8Moo Jin Baek9Il-Woo Lee10 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea Department of Environmental Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea The Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea The Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, KoreaObjectives Particulate matter (PM) is a risk factor for various diseases. Recent studies have established an association between otitis media (OM) and PM exposure. To confirm this relationship, we developed a novel exposure model designed to control the concentration of PM, and we observed the effects of PM exposure on the Eustachian tube (ET) and middle ear mucosa of rats. Methods Forty healthy, 10-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3-day, 7-day, 14-day exposure, and control groups (each, n=10). The rats were exposed to incense smoke as the PM source for 3 hours per day. After exposure, bilateral ETs and mastoid bullae were harvested, and histopathological findings were compared using microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the middle ear mucosa of each group were compared using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results In the ET mucosa of the exposure group, the goblet cell count significantly increased after PM exposure (P=0.032). In the middle ear mucosa, subepithelial space thickening, increased angio-capillary tissue, and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed. Moreover, the thickness of the middle ear mucosa in the exposure groups increased compared to the control group (P<0.01). The TEM findings showed PM particles on the surface of the ET and middle ear mucosa, and RT-PCR revealed that messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of IL-1β significantly increased in the 3-day and 7-day exposure groups compared to the control group (P=0.035). VEGF expression significantly increased in the 7-day exposure group compared to the control and 3-day exposure groups (P<0.01). Conclusion The ET and middle ear mucosa of rats showed histopathologic changes after acute exposure to PM that directly reached the ET and middle ear mucosa. Therefore, acute exposure to PM may play a role in the development of OM.http://www.e-ceo.org/upload/pdf/ceo-2023-00227.pdfratsincenseparticulate mattermiddle eareustachian tubeotitis media |
| spellingShingle | Hyun Min Lee Youn-Suk Son Hyang-Sook Kim Joo-Young Kim Seok-Hyun Kim Jung Hee Lee Sung-Won Choi Se-Joon Oh Soo-Keun Kong Moo Jin Baek Il-Woo Lee Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure on the Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear Mucosa of Rats Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology rats incense particulate matter middle ear eustachian tube otitis media |
| title | Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure on the Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear Mucosa of Rats |
| title_full | Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure on the Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear Mucosa of Rats |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure on the Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear Mucosa of Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure on the Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear Mucosa of Rats |
| title_short | Effects of Particulate Matter Exposure on the Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear Mucosa of Rats |
| title_sort | effects of particulate matter exposure on the eustachian tube and middle ear mucosa of rats |
| topic | rats incense particulate matter middle ear eustachian tube otitis media |
| url | http://www.e-ceo.org/upload/pdf/ceo-2023-00227.pdf |
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