Virus-Subtype-Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Renal Transplant Recipients
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or immunosuppression are at increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccination of CKD patients has resulted in lower antibody concentrations and possibly reduced protection. However, little information is available on how T-cell-mediated immune...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1756 |
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| author | Astrid I. Knell Anna K. Böhm Michael Jäger Julia Kerschbaum Sabine Engl Michael Rudnicki Lukas Buchwinkler Rosa Bellmann-Weiler Wilfried Posch Günter Weiss |
| author_facet | Astrid I. Knell Anna K. Böhm Michael Jäger Julia Kerschbaum Sabine Engl Michael Rudnicki Lukas Buchwinkler Rosa Bellmann-Weiler Wilfried Posch Günter Weiss |
| author_sort | Astrid I. Knell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or immunosuppression are at increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccination of CKD patients has resulted in lower antibody concentrations and possibly reduced protection. However, little information is available on how T-cell-mediated immune response is affected in those patients and how vaccine-induced immune responses can neutralise different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Herein, we studied virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses after two doses of mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine in 42 patients suffering from CKD, small vessel vasculitis (maintenance phase), or kidney transplant recipients (KT). Serum and PBMCs from baseline and at three months after vaccination were used to determine SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific antibodies, neutralisation titers against SARS-CoV-2 WT, B1.617.2 (delta), and BA.1 (omicron) variants as well as virus-specific T-cells via IFNγ ELISpot assays. We observed a significant increase in quantitative and neutralising antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 and significantly increased T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen after vaccination only in the CKD patients. In patients with vasculitis, neither humoral nor cellular responses were detected. In KT recipients, antibodies and virus neutralisation against WT and delta, but not against omicron BA.1, was assured. Importantly, we found no specific SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response in vasculitis and KT subjects, although unspecific T-cell activation was evident in most patients even before vaccination. While pre-dialysis CKD patients appear to mount an effective immune response for in vitro neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2, KT and vasculitis patients under immunosuppressive therapy were insufficiently protected from SARS-CoV-2 two months after the second dose of an mRNA vaccine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:48:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5be46a058c95406f85e8cc887b2a23c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:48:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-5be46a058c95406f85e8cc887b2a23c52023-11-18T20:36:00ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-07-01117175610.3390/microorganisms11071756Virus-Subtype-Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Renal Transplant RecipientsAstrid I. Knell0Anna K. Böhm1Michael Jäger2Julia Kerschbaum3Sabine Engl4Michael Rudnicki5Lukas Buchwinkler6Rosa Bellmann-Weiler7Wilfried Posch8Günter Weiss9Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaInstitute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaInstitute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or immunosuppression are at increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccination of CKD patients has resulted in lower antibody concentrations and possibly reduced protection. However, little information is available on how T-cell-mediated immune response is affected in those patients and how vaccine-induced immune responses can neutralise different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Herein, we studied virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses after two doses of mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine in 42 patients suffering from CKD, small vessel vasculitis (maintenance phase), or kidney transplant recipients (KT). Serum and PBMCs from baseline and at three months after vaccination were used to determine SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific antibodies, neutralisation titers against SARS-CoV-2 WT, B1.617.2 (delta), and BA.1 (omicron) variants as well as virus-specific T-cells via IFNγ ELISpot assays. We observed a significant increase in quantitative and neutralising antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 and significantly increased T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen after vaccination only in the CKD patients. In patients with vasculitis, neither humoral nor cellular responses were detected. In KT recipients, antibodies and virus neutralisation against WT and delta, but not against omicron BA.1, was assured. Importantly, we found no specific SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response in vasculitis and KT subjects, although unspecific T-cell activation was evident in most patients even before vaccination. While pre-dialysis CKD patients appear to mount an effective immune response for in vitro neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2, KT and vasculitis patients under immunosuppressive therapy were insufficiently protected from SARS-CoV-2 two months after the second dose of an mRNA vaccine.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1756COVID-19SARS-CoV-2vaccinationvasculitischronic kidney diseasekidney transplant recipients |
| spellingShingle | Astrid I. Knell Anna K. Böhm Michael Jäger Julia Kerschbaum Sabine Engl Michael Rudnicki Lukas Buchwinkler Rosa Bellmann-Weiler Wilfried Posch Günter Weiss Virus-Subtype-Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Renal Transplant Recipients Microorganisms COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination vasculitis chronic kidney disease kidney transplant recipients |
| title | Virus-Subtype-Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Renal Transplant Recipients |
| title_full | Virus-Subtype-Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Renal Transplant Recipients |
| title_fullStr | Virus-Subtype-Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Renal Transplant Recipients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virus-Subtype-Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Renal Transplant Recipients |
| title_short | Virus-Subtype-Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Renal Transplant Recipients |
| title_sort | virus subtype specific cellular and humoral immune response to a covid 19 mrna vaccine in chronic kidney disease patients and renal transplant recipients |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination vasculitis chronic kidney disease kidney transplant recipients |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1756 |
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