Use of Principal Component Analysis to Combine Genetic Merit for Heat Stress and for Fat and Protein Yield in Spanish Autochthonous Dairy Goat Breeds
We studied the effect of the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) (i.e., the average of temperature and relative humidity registered at meteorological stations) closest to the farms taken during the test day (TD), for total daily protein and fat yields (fpy) of the three main Spanish dairy goats. The da...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/736 |
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| author | Alberto Menéndez-Buxadera Eva Muñoz-Mejías Manuel Sánchez Juan Manuel Serradilla Antonio Molina |
| author_facet | Alberto Menéndez-Buxadera Eva Muñoz-Mejías Manuel Sánchez Juan Manuel Serradilla Antonio Molina |
| author_sort | Alberto Menéndez-Buxadera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We studied the effect of the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) (i.e., the average of temperature and relative humidity registered at meteorological stations) closest to the farms taken during the test day (TD), for total daily protein and fat yields (fpy) of the three main Spanish dairy goats. The data were from Florida (11,244 animals and 126,825 TD), Malagueña (12,215 animals and 141,856 TD) and Murciano Granadina (5162 animals and 62,834 TD) breeding programs and were studied by different linear models to estimate the nature of the fpy response throughout the THI and the weeks of lactation (Days in Milk, DIM) trajectories. The results showed an antagonism between THI and DIM, with a marked depression in the fpy level in animals kept in the hot zone of the THI values (THI > 25) compared with those in the cold zone (THI ≤ 16), with a negative impact equivalent to production of 13 to 30 days. We used a Reaction Norm model (RN), including THI and DIM as fixed covariates and a Test Day Model (TDM), to estimate the genetic (co)variance components. The heritability and genetic correlations estimated with RN and TDM showed a decreased pattern along the scale of THI and DIM, with slight differences between breeds, meaning that there was significant genetic variability in the animal’s ability to react to different levels of THI, which is not constant throughout the DIM, showing the existence of genotype-environment interaction. The breeding values (BV) of all animals for each level of THI and DIM were subject to a principal component analysis, and the results showed that 89 to 98% of the variance between the BV was explained by the two first eigenvalues. The standardized BV were weighted with the corresponding eigenvector coefficients to construct an index that showed, in a single indicator, the most complete expression of the existing genetic variability in the animals’ ability to produce fpy along the trajectories of THI and DIM. This new option will make it easier to select animals which are more productive, and with better adaptability to heat stress, as well as enabling us to exploit genetic variations in the form of the response to heat stress to be adapted to different production systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:01:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5bea35681edb4a1d87f73e22a0c7e33e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:01:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-5bea35681edb4a1d87f73e22a0c7e33e2023-12-03T12:59:35ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-03-0111373610.3390/ani11030736Use of Principal Component Analysis to Combine Genetic Merit for Heat Stress and for Fat and Protein Yield in Spanish Autochthonous Dairy Goat BreedsAlberto Menéndez-Buxadera0Eva Muñoz-Mejías1Manuel Sánchez2Juan Manuel Serradilla3Antonio Molina4Meragem Group, Department of Genetic, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Ctra, Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Food Science and Food Technology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Las Palmas, SpainDepartment of Animal Production, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Ctra, Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, SpainMeragem Group, Department of Genetic, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Ctra, Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, SpainMeragem Group, Department of Genetic, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Ctra, Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, SpainWe studied the effect of the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) (i.e., the average of temperature and relative humidity registered at meteorological stations) closest to the farms taken during the test day (TD), for total daily protein and fat yields (fpy) of the three main Spanish dairy goats. The data were from Florida (11,244 animals and 126,825 TD), Malagueña (12,215 animals and 141,856 TD) and Murciano Granadina (5162 animals and 62,834 TD) breeding programs and were studied by different linear models to estimate the nature of the fpy response throughout the THI and the weeks of lactation (Days in Milk, DIM) trajectories. The results showed an antagonism between THI and DIM, with a marked depression in the fpy level in animals kept in the hot zone of the THI values (THI > 25) compared with those in the cold zone (THI ≤ 16), with a negative impact equivalent to production of 13 to 30 days. We used a Reaction Norm model (RN), including THI and DIM as fixed covariates and a Test Day Model (TDM), to estimate the genetic (co)variance components. The heritability and genetic correlations estimated with RN and TDM showed a decreased pattern along the scale of THI and DIM, with slight differences between breeds, meaning that there was significant genetic variability in the animal’s ability to react to different levels of THI, which is not constant throughout the DIM, showing the existence of genotype-environment interaction. The breeding values (BV) of all animals for each level of THI and DIM were subject to a principal component analysis, and the results showed that 89 to 98% of the variance between the BV was explained by the two first eigenvalues. The standardized BV were weighted with the corresponding eigenvector coefficients to construct an index that showed, in a single indicator, the most complete expression of the existing genetic variability in the animals’ ability to produce fpy along the trajectories of THI and DIM. This new option will make it easier to select animals which are more productive, and with better adaptability to heat stress, as well as enabling us to exploit genetic variations in the form of the response to heat stress to be adapted to different production systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/736dairy goatheat stressrandom regression model |
| spellingShingle | Alberto Menéndez-Buxadera Eva Muñoz-Mejías Manuel Sánchez Juan Manuel Serradilla Antonio Molina Use of Principal Component Analysis to Combine Genetic Merit for Heat Stress and for Fat and Protein Yield in Spanish Autochthonous Dairy Goat Breeds Animals dairy goat heat stress random regression model |
| title | Use of Principal Component Analysis to Combine Genetic Merit for Heat Stress and for Fat and Protein Yield in Spanish Autochthonous Dairy Goat Breeds |
| title_full | Use of Principal Component Analysis to Combine Genetic Merit for Heat Stress and for Fat and Protein Yield in Spanish Autochthonous Dairy Goat Breeds |
| title_fullStr | Use of Principal Component Analysis to Combine Genetic Merit for Heat Stress and for Fat and Protein Yield in Spanish Autochthonous Dairy Goat Breeds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of Principal Component Analysis to Combine Genetic Merit for Heat Stress and for Fat and Protein Yield in Spanish Autochthonous Dairy Goat Breeds |
| title_short | Use of Principal Component Analysis to Combine Genetic Merit for Heat Stress and for Fat and Protein Yield in Spanish Autochthonous Dairy Goat Breeds |
| title_sort | use of principal component analysis to combine genetic merit for heat stress and for fat and protein yield in spanish autochthonous dairy goat breeds |
| topic | dairy goat heat stress random regression model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/3/736 |
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