Plasma-Enabled Smart Nanoexosome Platform as Emerging Immunopathogenesis for Clinical Viral Infection
Smart nanoexosomes are nanosized structures enclosed in lipid bilayers that are structurally similar to the viruses released by a variety of cells, including the cells lining the respiratory system. Of particular importance, the interaction between smart nanoexosomes and viruses can be used to devel...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/5/1054 |
| _version_ | 1797496576982122496 |
|---|---|
| author | Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi Seyyed Alireza Hashemi Ahmad Gholami Masoomeh Yari Kalashgrani Neralla Vijayakameswara Rao Navid Omidifar Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao Chin Wei Lai Wei-Hung Chiang |
| author_facet | Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi Seyyed Alireza Hashemi Ahmad Gholami Masoomeh Yari Kalashgrani Neralla Vijayakameswara Rao Navid Omidifar Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao Chin Wei Lai Wei-Hung Chiang |
| author_sort | Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Smart nanoexosomes are nanosized structures enclosed in lipid bilayers that are structurally similar to the viruses released by a variety of cells, including the cells lining the respiratory system. Of particular importance, the interaction between smart nanoexosomes and viruses can be used to develop antiviral drugs and vaccines. It is possible that nanoexosomes will be utilized and antibodies will be acquired more successfully for the transmission of an immune response if reconvalescent plasma (CP) is used instead of reconvalescent plasma exosomes (CPExo) in this concept. Convalescent plasma contains billions of smart nanoexosomes capable of transporting a variety of molecules, including proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA among other viral infections. Smart nanoexosomes are released from virus-infected cells and play an important role in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. Infections use the formation, production and release of smart nanoexosomes to enhance the infection, transmission and intercellular diffusion of viruses. Cell-free smart nanoexosomes produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could also be used as cell-free therapies in certain cases. Smart nanoexosomes produced by mesenchymal stem cells can also promote mitochondrial function and heal lung injury. They can reduce cytokine storms and restore the suppression of host antiviral defenses weakened by viral infections. This study examines the benefits of smart nanoexosomes and their roles in viral transmission, infection, treatment, drug delivery and clinical applications. We also explore some potential future applications for smart nanoexosomes in the treatment of viral infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:06:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5bf11667d95b40f49d9636c7c8a8b893 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:06:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5bf11667d95b40f49d9636c7c8a8b8932023-11-23T12:38:51ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-05-01145105410.3390/pharmaceutics14051054Plasma-Enabled Smart Nanoexosome Platform as Emerging Immunopathogenesis for Clinical Viral InfectionSeyyed Mojtaba Mousavi0Seyyed Alireza Hashemi1Ahmad Gholami2Masoomeh Yari Kalashgrani3Neralla Vijayakameswara Rao4Navid Omidifar5Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao6Chin Wei Lai7Wei-Hung Chiang8Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, TaiwanNanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, CanadaBiotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71468-64685, IranBiotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz 71468-64685, IranDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, TaiwanDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, IranDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, TaiwanNanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Universiti Malaya (UM), Level 3, Block A, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 106335, TaiwanSmart nanoexosomes are nanosized structures enclosed in lipid bilayers that are structurally similar to the viruses released by a variety of cells, including the cells lining the respiratory system. Of particular importance, the interaction between smart nanoexosomes and viruses can be used to develop antiviral drugs and vaccines. It is possible that nanoexosomes will be utilized and antibodies will be acquired more successfully for the transmission of an immune response if reconvalescent plasma (CP) is used instead of reconvalescent plasma exosomes (CPExo) in this concept. Convalescent plasma contains billions of smart nanoexosomes capable of transporting a variety of molecules, including proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA among other viral infections. Smart nanoexosomes are released from virus-infected cells and play an important role in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. Infections use the formation, production and release of smart nanoexosomes to enhance the infection, transmission and intercellular diffusion of viruses. Cell-free smart nanoexosomes produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could also be used as cell-free therapies in certain cases. Smart nanoexosomes produced by mesenchymal stem cells can also promote mitochondrial function and heal lung injury. They can reduce cytokine storms and restore the suppression of host antiviral defenses weakened by viral infections. This study examines the benefits of smart nanoexosomes and their roles in viral transmission, infection, treatment, drug delivery and clinical applications. We also explore some potential future applications for smart nanoexosomes in the treatment of viral infections.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/5/1054viral infectionsconvalescent plasmasmart nanoexosomesdrug delivery |
| spellingShingle | Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi Seyyed Alireza Hashemi Ahmad Gholami Masoomeh Yari Kalashgrani Neralla Vijayakameswara Rao Navid Omidifar Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao Chin Wei Lai Wei-Hung Chiang Plasma-Enabled Smart Nanoexosome Platform as Emerging Immunopathogenesis for Clinical Viral Infection Pharmaceutics viral infections convalescent plasma smart nanoexosomes drug delivery |
| title | Plasma-Enabled Smart Nanoexosome Platform as Emerging Immunopathogenesis for Clinical Viral Infection |
| title_full | Plasma-Enabled Smart Nanoexosome Platform as Emerging Immunopathogenesis for Clinical Viral Infection |
| title_fullStr | Plasma-Enabled Smart Nanoexosome Platform as Emerging Immunopathogenesis for Clinical Viral Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasma-Enabled Smart Nanoexosome Platform as Emerging Immunopathogenesis for Clinical Viral Infection |
| title_short | Plasma-Enabled Smart Nanoexosome Platform as Emerging Immunopathogenesis for Clinical Viral Infection |
| title_sort | plasma enabled smart nanoexosome platform as emerging immunopathogenesis for clinical viral infection |
| topic | viral infections convalescent plasma smart nanoexosomes drug delivery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/5/1054 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT seyyedmojtabamousavi plasmaenabledsmartnanoexosomeplatformasemergingimmunopathogenesisforclinicalviralinfection AT seyyedalirezahashemi plasmaenabledsmartnanoexosomeplatformasemergingimmunopathogenesisforclinicalviralinfection AT ahmadgholami plasmaenabledsmartnanoexosomeplatformasemergingimmunopathogenesisforclinicalviralinfection AT masoomehyarikalashgrani plasmaenabledsmartnanoexosomeplatformasemergingimmunopathogenesisforclinicalviralinfection AT nerallavijayakameswararao plasmaenabledsmartnanoexosomeplatformasemergingimmunopathogenesisforclinicalviralinfection AT navidomidifar plasmaenabledsmartnanoexosomeplatformasemergingimmunopathogenesisforclinicalviralinfection AT wesleyweiwenhsiao plasmaenabledsmartnanoexosomeplatformasemergingimmunopathogenesisforclinicalviralinfection AT chinweilai plasmaenabledsmartnanoexosomeplatformasemergingimmunopathogenesisforclinicalviralinfection AT weihungchiang plasmaenabledsmartnanoexosomeplatformasemergingimmunopathogenesisforclinicalviralinfection |