Poly(octamethylene citrate) Modified with Glutathione as a Promising Material for Vascular Tissue Engineering
One of the major goals of vascular tissue engineering is to develop much-needed materials that are suitable for use in small-diameter vascular grafts. Poly(1,8-octamethylene citrate) can be considered for manufacturing small blood vessel substitutes, as recent studies have demonstrated that this mat...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1322 |
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| author | Agata Flis Martina Trávníčková Filip Koper Karolina Knap Wiktor Kasprzyk Lucie Bačáková Elżbieta Pamuła |
| author_facet | Agata Flis Martina Trávníčková Filip Koper Karolina Knap Wiktor Kasprzyk Lucie Bačáková Elżbieta Pamuła |
| author_sort | Agata Flis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the major goals of vascular tissue engineering is to develop much-needed materials that are suitable for use in small-diameter vascular grafts. Poly(1,8-octamethylene citrate) can be considered for manufacturing small blood vessel substitutes, as recent studies have demonstrated that this material is cytocompatible with adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) and favors their adhesion and viability. The work presented here is focused on modifying this polymer with glutathione (GSH) in order to provide it with antioxidant properties, which are believed to reduce oxidative stress in blood vessels. Cross-linked poly(1,8-octamethylene citrate) (cPOC) was therefore prepared by polycondensation of citric acid and 1,8-octanediol at a 2:3 molar ratio of the reagents, followed by in-bulk modification with 0.4, 0.8, 4 or 8 wt.% of GSH and curing at 80 °C for 10 days. The chemical structure of the obtained samples was examined by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, which confirmed the presence of GSH in the modified cPOC. The addition of GSH increased the water drop contact angle of the material surface and lowered the surface free energy values. The cytocompatibility of the modified cPOC was evaluated in direct contact with vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMCs) and ASCs. The cell number, the cell spreading area and the cell aspect ratio were measured. The antioxidant potential of GSH-modified cPOC was measured by a free radical scavenging assay. The results of our investigation indicate the potential of cPOC modified with 0.4 and 0.8 wt.% of GSH to produce small-diameter blood vessels, as the material was found to: (i) have antioxidant properties, (ii) support VSMC and ASC viability and growth and (iii) provide an environment suitable for the initiation of cell differentiation. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:12:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-5bf28cb1f66646c9be82e748e07e57902023-11-17T08:29:14ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-03-01155132210.3390/polym15051322Poly(octamethylene citrate) Modified with Glutathione as a Promising Material for Vascular Tissue EngineeringAgata Flis0Martina Trávníčková1Filip Koper2Karolina Knap3Wiktor Kasprzyk4Lucie Bačáková5Elżbieta Pamuła6Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Kraków, PolandLaboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Kraków, PolandLaboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Kraków, PolandOne of the major goals of vascular tissue engineering is to develop much-needed materials that are suitable for use in small-diameter vascular grafts. Poly(1,8-octamethylene citrate) can be considered for manufacturing small blood vessel substitutes, as recent studies have demonstrated that this material is cytocompatible with adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) and favors their adhesion and viability. The work presented here is focused on modifying this polymer with glutathione (GSH) in order to provide it with antioxidant properties, which are believed to reduce oxidative stress in blood vessels. Cross-linked poly(1,8-octamethylene citrate) (cPOC) was therefore prepared by polycondensation of citric acid and 1,8-octanediol at a 2:3 molar ratio of the reagents, followed by in-bulk modification with 0.4, 0.8, 4 or 8 wt.% of GSH and curing at 80 °C for 10 days. The chemical structure of the obtained samples was examined by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, which confirmed the presence of GSH in the modified cPOC. The addition of GSH increased the water drop contact angle of the material surface and lowered the surface free energy values. The cytocompatibility of the modified cPOC was evaluated in direct contact with vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMCs) and ASCs. The cell number, the cell spreading area and the cell aspect ratio were measured. The antioxidant potential of GSH-modified cPOC was measured by a free radical scavenging assay. The results of our investigation indicate the potential of cPOC modified with 0.4 and 0.8 wt.% of GSH to produce small-diameter blood vessels, as the material was found to: (i) have antioxidant properties, (ii) support VSMC and ASC viability and growth and (iii) provide an environment suitable for the initiation of cell differentiation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1322poly(alkylene citrates)poly(1,8-octametylene citrate)citric acidvascular tissue engineeringglutathione (GSH)cytocompatibility |
| spellingShingle | Agata Flis Martina Trávníčková Filip Koper Karolina Knap Wiktor Kasprzyk Lucie Bačáková Elżbieta Pamuła Poly(octamethylene citrate) Modified with Glutathione as a Promising Material for Vascular Tissue Engineering Polymers poly(alkylene citrates) poly(1,8-octametylene citrate) citric acid vascular tissue engineering glutathione (GSH) cytocompatibility |
| title | Poly(octamethylene citrate) Modified with Glutathione as a Promising Material for Vascular Tissue Engineering |
| title_full | Poly(octamethylene citrate) Modified with Glutathione as a Promising Material for Vascular Tissue Engineering |
| title_fullStr | Poly(octamethylene citrate) Modified with Glutathione as a Promising Material for Vascular Tissue Engineering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Poly(octamethylene citrate) Modified with Glutathione as a Promising Material for Vascular Tissue Engineering |
| title_short | Poly(octamethylene citrate) Modified with Glutathione as a Promising Material for Vascular Tissue Engineering |
| title_sort | poly octamethylene citrate modified with glutathione as a promising material for vascular tissue engineering |
| topic | poly(alkylene citrates) poly(1,8-octametylene citrate) citric acid vascular tissue engineering glutathione (GSH) cytocompatibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1322 |
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