Towards a better understanding of the psychosocial determinants associated with adults’ use of smokeless tobacco in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study
Abstract Background Most diagnosed oral cancer cases in Saudi Arabia are in the Jazan region. A common type of smokeless tobacco "Shammah" is prevalent in this region. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the possible psychosocial determinants of Shammah consumption among...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13120-0 |
| _version_ | 1818050993440423936 |
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| author | Ibtisam Moafa Rik Crutzen Bart van den Borne Mohammed Jafer Maan Shabi Ahmed Al-khaldi Ahmed Abu-Zawah Hameed Al-jabri Ismaeel Hedad |
| author_facet | Ibtisam Moafa Rik Crutzen Bart van den Borne Mohammed Jafer Maan Shabi Ahmed Al-khaldi Ahmed Abu-Zawah Hameed Al-jabri Ismaeel Hedad |
| author_sort | Ibtisam Moafa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Most diagnosed oral cancer cases in Saudi Arabia are in the Jazan region. A common type of smokeless tobacco "Shammah" is prevalent in this region. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the possible psychosocial determinants of Shammah consumption among adult Shammah users in Jazan region. Methods A qualitative study was conducted by means of one-on-one interviews among thirty adult Shammah users. Participants were recruited by means of a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide utilizing face-to-face and phone-call interviews. Thematic analysis with hybrid approach was used to analyze the dataset. Results Twenty-four sub-codes within four overarching themes were generated. Participants revealed uncertainty related to Shammah composition, how to quit knowledge and Shammah prevention/cessation programs. Shammah use identified as a normal phenomenon in society. Its use was frequently reported in participants’ close network but most users faced family and peers’ disapproval. Some users expressed joy, happiness and focused when using Shammah. Others were disgusted or neutral. Many users believed Shammah causes cancer and tears oral tissues. Others believed it relieves toothache or has no effect. Majority of users were confident to quit and recalled some quitting aids. Toothache, craving, drinking tea and chewing Khat (leaves of Catha edulis plant that causes moderate euphoria) perceived to be triggers to use Shammah. Availability of Shammah, withdrawal symptoms, stress, lack of support, seeing others using Shammah, losing part of routine and toothache were barriers to quit. Conclusions Shammah use was associated with uncertainty about Shammah composition and quitting knowledge, social acceptability, influence from family/friends, a range of positive and negative attitudinal beliefs toward its use and high quitting efficacy beliefs. Future interventions targeting Shammah should address the acknowledged triggers and barriers in the present study including the dual use of Shammah and Khat. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T11:02:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5bfc4bfae3714bc1aca2023f178eed3c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T11:02:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-5bfc4bfae3714bc1aca2023f178eed3c2022-12-22T01:51:38ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582022-04-012211910.1186/s12889-022-13120-0Towards a better understanding of the psychosocial determinants associated with adults’ use of smokeless tobacco in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: a qualitative studyIbtisam Moafa0Rik Crutzen1Bart van den Borne2Mohammed Jafer3Maan Shabi4Ahmed Al-khaldi5Ahmed Abu-Zawah6Hameed Al-jabri7Ismaeel Hedad8Department of Preventive Dental Science, Jazan UniversityDepartment of Health Promotion, Maastricht University/CAPHRIDepartment of Health Promotion, Maastricht University/CAPHRIDepartment of Preventive Dental Science, Jazan UniversityCollege of Dentistry, Jazan UniversityCollege of Dentistry, Jazan UniversityCollege of Dentistry, Jazan UniversityCollege of Dentistry, Jazan UniversityJazan Dental Center, Ministry of HealthAbstract Background Most diagnosed oral cancer cases in Saudi Arabia are in the Jazan region. A common type of smokeless tobacco "Shammah" is prevalent in this region. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the possible psychosocial determinants of Shammah consumption among adult Shammah users in Jazan region. Methods A qualitative study was conducted by means of one-on-one interviews among thirty adult Shammah users. Participants were recruited by means of a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide utilizing face-to-face and phone-call interviews. Thematic analysis with hybrid approach was used to analyze the dataset. Results Twenty-four sub-codes within four overarching themes were generated. Participants revealed uncertainty related to Shammah composition, how to quit knowledge and Shammah prevention/cessation programs. Shammah use identified as a normal phenomenon in society. Its use was frequently reported in participants’ close network but most users faced family and peers’ disapproval. Some users expressed joy, happiness and focused when using Shammah. Others were disgusted or neutral. Many users believed Shammah causes cancer and tears oral tissues. Others believed it relieves toothache or has no effect. Majority of users were confident to quit and recalled some quitting aids. Toothache, craving, drinking tea and chewing Khat (leaves of Catha edulis plant that causes moderate euphoria) perceived to be triggers to use Shammah. Availability of Shammah, withdrawal symptoms, stress, lack of support, seeing others using Shammah, losing part of routine and toothache were barriers to quit. Conclusions Shammah use was associated with uncertainty about Shammah composition and quitting knowledge, social acceptability, influence from family/friends, a range of positive and negative attitudinal beliefs toward its use and high quitting efficacy beliefs. Future interventions targeting Shammah should address the acknowledged triggers and barriers in the present study including the dual use of Shammah and Khat.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13120-0Psychosocial determinantsSmokeless tobaccoShammahSaudi ArabiaQualitative research |
| spellingShingle | Ibtisam Moafa Rik Crutzen Bart van den Borne Mohammed Jafer Maan Shabi Ahmed Al-khaldi Ahmed Abu-Zawah Hameed Al-jabri Ismaeel Hedad Towards a better understanding of the psychosocial determinants associated with adults’ use of smokeless tobacco in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study BMC Public Health Psychosocial determinants Smokeless tobacco Shammah Saudi Arabia Qualitative research |
| title | Towards a better understanding of the psychosocial determinants associated with adults’ use of smokeless tobacco in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study |
| title_full | Towards a better understanding of the psychosocial determinants associated with adults’ use of smokeless tobacco in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study |
| title_fullStr | Towards a better understanding of the psychosocial determinants associated with adults’ use of smokeless tobacco in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards a better understanding of the psychosocial determinants associated with adults’ use of smokeless tobacco in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study |
| title_short | Towards a better understanding of the psychosocial determinants associated with adults’ use of smokeless tobacco in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study |
| title_sort | towards a better understanding of the psychosocial determinants associated with adults use of smokeless tobacco in the jazan region of saudi arabia a qualitative study |
| topic | Psychosocial determinants Smokeless tobacco Shammah Saudi Arabia Qualitative research |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13120-0 |
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