Longitudinal study of humoral immunity to bovine coronavirus, virus shedding, and treatment for bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned beef calves
Abstract Background Bovine coronavirus (BCV) is associated with respiratory infections in cattle of all ages; however, a temporal study to evaluate the effect of BCV immunity on virus shedding and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) incidence in pre-weaned beef calves has not been reported. Thus, we re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-019-1887-8 |
| _version_ | 1828873622447456256 |
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| author | Aspen M. Workman Larry A. Kuehn Tara G. McDaneld Michael L. Clawson John Dustin Loy |
| author_facet | Aspen M. Workman Larry A. Kuehn Tara G. McDaneld Michael L. Clawson John Dustin Loy |
| author_sort | Aspen M. Workman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Bovine coronavirus (BCV) is associated with respiratory infections in cattle of all ages; however, a temporal study to evaluate the effect of BCV immunity on virus shedding and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) incidence in pre-weaned beef calves has not been reported. Thus, we report here a prospective study in three herds of crossbred beef calves (n = 817) with endemic BCV. Serial blood samples for measurement of serum anti-BCV antibody titers and nasal swabs for detection of BCV and other common viral and bacterial BRD pathogens were collected from all calves or subsets of calves at predetermined times from birth through weaning. The calves were monitored for BRD and those that developed signs of respiratory disease were sampled for diagnostic testing. To discover additional risk factors that could have influenced BRD development, sequence analysis of the BCV strain(s) circulating in each herd, and the prevalence of common opportunistic bacterial pathogens in the upper respiratory tract of sick and apparently healthy cattle were also evaluated. Results Two hundred forty-eight of the 817 study calves (30.4%) were treated for BRD prior to weaning; 246 of those were from a single herd involved in two outbreaks of BRD leading to mass treatment of all calves in that group. Molecular diagnostic testing found BCV and Histophilus somni in nasal swabs taken at the time of BRD treatment. Between herd analyses revealed anti-BCV serum antibody abundance did not associate with the incidence of BRD or BCV shedding, though these measurements may have been hindered by the long periods between sample collections. Analysis of the BCV spike gene hypervariable region revealed four polymorphisms in 15 isolates from the three herds, making strain variation unlikely to account for differences in treatment rates between herds. Persistent or recurrent shedding episodes of BCV occurred in some animals treated for BRD. Conclusion Co-detection of BCV and H. somni at the time of the disease outbreak suggests that these pathogens contributed to disease pathogenesis. Developing appropriate control measures for respiratory BCV infections may help decrease the incidence of pre-weaning BRD. The role of antibodies in protection must still be further defined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:19:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5bfe12c02b8943a392392e7332512361 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:19:58Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-5bfe12c02b8943a392392e73325123612022-12-21T23:55:27ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482019-05-0115111510.1186/s12917-019-1887-8Longitudinal study of humoral immunity to bovine coronavirus, virus shedding, and treatment for bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned beef calvesAspen M. Workman0Larry A. Kuehn1Tara G. McDaneld2Michael L. Clawson3John Dustin Loy4United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS), US Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC)United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS), US Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC)United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS), US Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC)United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS), US Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC)Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-LincolnAbstract Background Bovine coronavirus (BCV) is associated with respiratory infections in cattle of all ages; however, a temporal study to evaluate the effect of BCV immunity on virus shedding and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) incidence in pre-weaned beef calves has not been reported. Thus, we report here a prospective study in three herds of crossbred beef calves (n = 817) with endemic BCV. Serial blood samples for measurement of serum anti-BCV antibody titers and nasal swabs for detection of BCV and other common viral and bacterial BRD pathogens were collected from all calves or subsets of calves at predetermined times from birth through weaning. The calves were monitored for BRD and those that developed signs of respiratory disease were sampled for diagnostic testing. To discover additional risk factors that could have influenced BRD development, sequence analysis of the BCV strain(s) circulating in each herd, and the prevalence of common opportunistic bacterial pathogens in the upper respiratory tract of sick and apparently healthy cattle were also evaluated. Results Two hundred forty-eight of the 817 study calves (30.4%) were treated for BRD prior to weaning; 246 of those were from a single herd involved in two outbreaks of BRD leading to mass treatment of all calves in that group. Molecular diagnostic testing found BCV and Histophilus somni in nasal swabs taken at the time of BRD treatment. Between herd analyses revealed anti-BCV serum antibody abundance did not associate with the incidence of BRD or BCV shedding, though these measurements may have been hindered by the long periods between sample collections. Analysis of the BCV spike gene hypervariable region revealed four polymorphisms in 15 isolates from the three herds, making strain variation unlikely to account for differences in treatment rates between herds. Persistent or recurrent shedding episodes of BCV occurred in some animals treated for BRD. Conclusion Co-detection of BCV and H. somni at the time of the disease outbreak suggests that these pathogens contributed to disease pathogenesis. Developing appropriate control measures for respiratory BCV infections may help decrease the incidence of pre-weaning BRD. The role of antibodies in protection must still be further defined.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-019-1887-8Bovine coronavirusBovine respiratory diseaseHistophilus somniMolecular epidemiologyNursing-calf pneumoniaSummer pneumonia |
| spellingShingle | Aspen M. Workman Larry A. Kuehn Tara G. McDaneld Michael L. Clawson John Dustin Loy Longitudinal study of humoral immunity to bovine coronavirus, virus shedding, and treatment for bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned beef calves BMC Veterinary Research Bovine coronavirus Bovine respiratory disease Histophilus somni Molecular epidemiology Nursing-calf pneumonia Summer pneumonia |
| title | Longitudinal study of humoral immunity to bovine coronavirus, virus shedding, and treatment for bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned beef calves |
| title_full | Longitudinal study of humoral immunity to bovine coronavirus, virus shedding, and treatment for bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned beef calves |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal study of humoral immunity to bovine coronavirus, virus shedding, and treatment for bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned beef calves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal study of humoral immunity to bovine coronavirus, virus shedding, and treatment for bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned beef calves |
| title_short | Longitudinal study of humoral immunity to bovine coronavirus, virus shedding, and treatment for bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned beef calves |
| title_sort | longitudinal study of humoral immunity to bovine coronavirus virus shedding and treatment for bovine respiratory disease in pre weaned beef calves |
| topic | Bovine coronavirus Bovine respiratory disease Histophilus somni Molecular epidemiology Nursing-calf pneumonia Summer pneumonia |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-019-1887-8 |
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