Conventional and Recent Trends of Scaffolds Fabrication: A Superior Mode for Tissue Engineering
Tissue regeneration is an auto-healing mechanism, initiating immediately following tissue damage to restore normal tissue structure and function. This falls in line with survival instinct being the most dominant instinct for any living organism. Nevertheless, the process is slow and not feasible in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/306 |
| _version_ | 1797477250220687360 |
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| author | Islam M. Adel Mohamed F. ElMeligy Nermeen A. Elkasabgy |
| author_facet | Islam M. Adel Mohamed F. ElMeligy Nermeen A. Elkasabgy |
| author_sort | Islam M. Adel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tissue regeneration is an auto-healing mechanism, initiating immediately following tissue damage to restore normal tissue structure and function. This falls in line with survival instinct being the most dominant instinct for any living organism. Nevertheless, the process is slow and not feasible in all tissues, which led to the emergence of tissue engineering (TE). TE aims at replacing damaged tissues with new ones. To do so, either new tissue is being cultured in vitro and then implanted, or stimulants are implanted into the target site to enhance endogenous tissue formation. Whichever approach is used, a matrix is used to support tissue growth, known as ‘scaffold’. In this review, an overall look at scaffolds fabrication is discussed, starting with design considerations and different biomaterials used. Following, highlights of conventional and advanced fabrication techniques are attentively presented. The future of scaffolds in TE is ever promising, with the likes of nanotechnology being investigated for scaffold integration. The constant evolvement of organoids and biofluidics with the eventual inclusion of organ-on-a-chip in TE has shown a promising prospect of what the technology might lead to. Perhaps the closest technology to market is 4D scaffolds following the successful implementation of 4D printing in other fields. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:14:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5c086a59ca2f4081b8a87ebfef193f10 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:14:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5c086a59ca2f4081b8a87ebfef193f102023-11-23T21:37:04ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-01-0114230610.3390/pharmaceutics14020306Conventional and Recent Trends of Scaffolds Fabrication: A Superior Mode for Tissue EngineeringIslam M. Adel0Mohamed F. ElMeligy1Nermeen A. Elkasabgy2Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, EgyptTissue regeneration is an auto-healing mechanism, initiating immediately following tissue damage to restore normal tissue structure and function. This falls in line with survival instinct being the most dominant instinct for any living organism. Nevertheless, the process is slow and not feasible in all tissues, which led to the emergence of tissue engineering (TE). TE aims at replacing damaged tissues with new ones. To do so, either new tissue is being cultured in vitro and then implanted, or stimulants are implanted into the target site to enhance endogenous tissue formation. Whichever approach is used, a matrix is used to support tissue growth, known as ‘scaffold’. In this review, an overall look at scaffolds fabrication is discussed, starting with design considerations and different biomaterials used. Following, highlights of conventional and advanced fabrication techniques are attentively presented. The future of scaffolds in TE is ever promising, with the likes of nanotechnology being investigated for scaffold integration. The constant evolvement of organoids and biofluidics with the eventual inclusion of organ-on-a-chip in TE has shown a promising prospect of what the technology might lead to. Perhaps the closest technology to market is 4D scaffolds following the successful implementation of 4D printing in other fields.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/306tissue engineeringscaffoldsbiomaterialsfabricationorgan-on-a-chip |
| spellingShingle | Islam M. Adel Mohamed F. ElMeligy Nermeen A. Elkasabgy Conventional and Recent Trends of Scaffolds Fabrication: A Superior Mode for Tissue Engineering Pharmaceutics tissue engineering scaffolds biomaterials fabrication organ-on-a-chip |
| title | Conventional and Recent Trends of Scaffolds Fabrication: A Superior Mode for Tissue Engineering |
| title_full | Conventional and Recent Trends of Scaffolds Fabrication: A Superior Mode for Tissue Engineering |
| title_fullStr | Conventional and Recent Trends of Scaffolds Fabrication: A Superior Mode for Tissue Engineering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conventional and Recent Trends of Scaffolds Fabrication: A Superior Mode for Tissue Engineering |
| title_short | Conventional and Recent Trends of Scaffolds Fabrication: A Superior Mode for Tissue Engineering |
| title_sort | conventional and recent trends of scaffolds fabrication a superior mode for tissue engineering |
| topic | tissue engineering scaffolds biomaterials fabrication organ-on-a-chip |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/2/306 |
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